I-Electric Vehicle (EV) ubunikazi bukhula ngokushesha, kepha omunye wabashayeli imibuzo evamile obuyabuza ukuthi, 'Ngabe kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhokhisa imoto kagesi? Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola amazinga ahlukene wokushaja, izici ezithonya isikhathi sokushaja isikhathi, namasu asebenzayo wokwenza kahle isipiliyoni sakho sokushaja.
Izinhlobo zamazinga wokushaja kanye nomthelela wazo
Isivinini sokushaja sincike kakhulu kuhlobo lweshaja esetshenzisiwe. Kunamazinga amathathu aphambili:
1. I-Level 1 ishaja (indawo evamile yasekhaya)
• Kusebenzisa i-120-volt outlet (evamile emakhaya).
• Ijubane lokushaja: Ingeza cishe amamayela angama-3-5 webanga ngehora.
• Ilungele kangcono ukushaja noma ukuxhumanisa ubusuku bonke ngamabhethri amancane.
2. Izinga 2 Ukushaja (Ikhaya noma Iziteshi Zokushaja Zomphakathi)
• Isebenza endaweni yokuphuma engu-240-volt noma esiteshini esizinikezele.
• Isivinini sokushaja: amamayela ayi-10-60 webanga ngehora, ngokuya ngemoto.
• Kudinga ukufakwa kweshaja yasekhaya kepha kunikeza isivinini esisheshayo kuneleveli 1.
• Izinga le-Public Level 2 livame ukutholakala ezikhungweni zokuthenga noma ezindaweni zokusebenza.
3. Izinga 3 Ukushaja (DC Ukushaja okusheshayo)
• Kusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamanje (i-DC) ukuhlinzeka ukushaja okusheshayo.
• Isivinini sokushaja: singangeza ama-80% ukushaja ngemizuzu engama-20-40 kwabaningi e-EVS.
• Okuhle kakhulu ohambweni olude noma okusheshayo okuphezulu kepha kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri ngokusetshenziswa njalo.
Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta isikhathi sokushaja
Izikhathi zokushaja kwezimoto zikagesi (EVS) zingahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezici eziningi, kusuka kuhlobo lwebhethri neshaja esetshenziselwa izimo zemvelo. Nakhu ukubhekisisa okusondelene nezakhi ezithonya ijubane lokushaja, ngokuqonda okusebenzayo kuzo zombili izigqila ezigcwele futhi Imoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi.
1. Ubukhulu bebhethri namandla
Ibhethri elikhudlwana, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhokhisa. I-EV evamile efana ne-tesla Model Y ingaba namandla webhethri ka-75 kWh, ngenkathi izimoto zikagesi eziphansi (isib. I-NEVS) zivame ukufaka amabhethri amancane azungeze i-10-30 kWh ezungeze u-10-30 kWh. Yize amabhethri amancane ashaja ngokushesha, futhi ahlinzeka ngebanga elincane.
• Isibonelo: Ukushaja imoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi ngebhethri le-15 kWh ku-Level 2 Charger kuthatha amahora angama-2-3, kuqhathaniswa namahora angama-8-10 ngebhethri eligcwele le-EV nge-60 kWh.
• Umthelela ebangeni: Uhambo olujwayelekile lwezinhlamvu ezifuywayo ngama-NEVs anciphise izidingo zokushaja kepha adinga ukuhlela amasu, ikakhulukazi ngezimoto eziphansi.
2. Isimo sokukhokhisa (soc)
I-SOC-SOC yamanje igcwele noma ingenalutho ibhethri linemithelela kangakanani. Iningi lamabhethri e-EV lishaja ngokushesha kusuka ku-10% libe ngu-80%, kepha ijubane likwenza kakhulu ngenhla kwama-80% ukuvikela amaseli ebhethri ekulimaleni.
• Ukufaka isicelo se-EVS enesivinini esiphansi: Nge-NEVS kanye nama-Scooters kagesi, abasebenzisi bavame ukwelulekwa ukuthi bakhiphe ngaphambi kokuba ibhethri liyehla liphansi kakhulu ukuze ligcine ukusebenza kahle.
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Ishaja le-ONeaboard linquma ukuthi imoto ingadonsela yini eshaja. Uma ishaja ye-EV ye-EV ibe namandla aphansi kunesiteshi sokushaja komphakathi, ijubane lokushaja lizokhawulelwa.
• Izimoto zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi: Ama-NEV amaningi enzelwe amashaja aphansi aphansi, anciphisa ukuhambisana kwawo ngamashaja omphakathi asheshayo, okusho ukuthi bahlomula okuningi kusuka ku-Level 1 noma 2 yokushaja e-2.
4. Ukukhishwa kwamandla weshaja
Amashaja ahlukene ahlinzeka ngemiphumela yamandla ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, amashaja ama-Level 3 angaletha ama-50-350 kW, ngenkathi amashaja angu-1 ahlinzekela kuphela u-1.4 kW. Kodwa-ke, ama-evs amaningi aphansi aphansi awahambelani namashaja asheshayo, ancike kakhulu ku-Level 1 noma 2 ukushaja.
• Isibonelo: Imoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi efana ne-GEM E2 ingakhokhisa ngokugcwele ubusuku bonke usebenzisa i-120V Outlet kodwa ngeke izuze kwi-Level 3 ishaja ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla.
5. Izinga lokushisa langaphandle
Isimo sezulu sidlala indima ebalulekile ezikhathini zokushaja. Isimo sezulu esibandayo sinciphisa ukusebenza kwebhethri futhi singanciphisa isivinini sokushaja, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium-ion.
• Umthelela ku-EVS enesivinini esiphansi: Ama-NEV asetshenziselwa amafushane, izindlela zasemadolobheni angathinteka kakhulu ngokushintshana kwezinga lokushisa, njengoba isimo sezulu esibandayo singanciphisa nobubanzi bokushayela.
6. Ubudala bebhethri nempilo
Njengamabhethri aneminyaka yobudala, amandla abo okubamba amacala ancipha, anwebise izikhathi zokushaja kanye nokunciphisa uhla. Lesi sici sithinta zombili i-EVS esezingeni eligcwele kanye nezimoto zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi. Ukulungiswa okufanele nokushaja okuyingxenye kungasiza ekulondolozeni impilo yebhethri.
7. Ukutholakala Kokushaja Nengqalasizinda
Ukutholakala kwamashaji omphakathi kuthinta ijubane lokushaja, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngezimoto zikagesi ezinesivinini esiphansi, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni noma amakhampasi, ukufinyelela ukushaja kwasekhaya noma amashaja omphakathi ahamba kancane ajwayele ukwanele. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kungaba yinselele ezifundeni ezinezinketho zomphakathi ezimbalwa.
Ngokuqonda lezi zinto ezibalulekile, abanikazi be-EV - noma ngabe bashayela imoto kagesi egcwele ngokuphelele noma imoto kagesi enesivinini esiphansi - ingahlela kangcono amashejuli abo okukhokhisa futhi aphathe okulindelwe. Imikhuba yokushaja esebenza kahle nayo ingasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko futhi yandise impilo yebhethri esikhathini eside.
Ukushaja ekhaya vs iziteshi zomphakathi ukushaja
Ukushaja kwasekhaya
• Ukusebenziseka lula: Shaja ubusuku bonke ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya.
• Izindleko: eshibhile kuneshaja kahulumeni, ikakhulukazi ngamanani kagesi angenayo.
• Ukulawula: Ungahlola ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesheduli ukushaja ngesikhathi sokufuna okuphansi.
Iziteshi zokushaja komphakathi
• Isivinini: Izinketho zokushaja ngokushesha (Izinga 3) ukuze uthole amaphuzu aphezulu aphezulu ngesikhathi sohambo olude.
• Ukutholakala: Iwusizo kubahlali basemadolobheni ngaphandle kokusetha kokushaja kwasekhaya.
• Izindleko eziguquguqukayo: Amanye amanethiwekhi anikela ngokushaja kwamahhala, kanti amanye akhokhisa ngesikhathi noma kWh.
Ukushaja komphakathi kuhlinzeka lula abashayeli abase-On-the-Go kepha kuvame ukubiza kakhulu kunokushaja ekhaya.
Ungakhulisa kanjani isikhathi sokushaja nezindleko
Ukwenza kahle isu lakho lokushaja le-EV lingagcina isikhathi nemali:
Sebenzisa ama-off-peak kagesi • Ukushaja kwakho i-EV ngobusuku kunganciphisa izindleko zikagesi.
• Tshala imali kwishaja ehlakaniphile: Lawa madivayisi akuvumela ukuthi uhlele ukushaja futhi ubheke ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukude.
• Gcina ibhethri lakho eliphakathi kuka-20% no-80%: Ukushaja ku-100% kaningi kunganciphisa impilo yebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isebenzisa i-braking evuseleleni •
Ukuphatha ukushaja kuhambo olude
Ukuhlela kubalulekile lapho uthatha imoto kagesi ohambweni olude lomgwaqo. Nakhu ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani ukushaja ngempumelelo:
• Hlela umzila wakho nge-Charging Stops: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjenge-plugshare noma ukuhlela uhambo lukaTesla zibonisa iziteshi zokushaja ngendlela yakho.
• Hlanganisa ukushaja nge-Breaks: Yima ezindaweni zokuphumula noma ezindaweni zokudlela ezinamashaja ukuze usebenzise isikhathi sokuphumula.
• Sebenzisa amashaja we-DC Fast: Lezi Charazi zinikeza okusheshayo okuphezulu, ukunciphisa isikhathi sakho sokulinda.
Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela izitobha zokushaja, unganciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi wenze uhambo lwakho lube mnandi ngokwengeziwe.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo Nezomnotho
Izimoto zikagesi zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi zemvelo nezomnotho:
• Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi: Ukushaja ngemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, njengelanga noma umoya, kunciphisa i-carbon footprint ye-EV yakho.
• Izindleko zokonga: Ukushaja ekhaya ngamanani kagesi aphansi ashibhile kunokukhulisa imoto kaphethiloli.
• Ukuphathwa Kwamandla: Izinhlelo ze-Smart Home zingase zilinganise ukushaja kwe-EV neminye imisebenzi ukuze ikwazi ukulayisha ngokweqile igridi.
• Izikhuthazo kanye nezaphulelo: Ohulumeni abaningi bahlinzeka ngezinkuthazo zokufaka amashaja asekhaya, okwenza kube kubize kakhulu ukushintshela emotweni kagesi.
I-EVS ibuye ibe nomthelela ekuzimeleni kwamandla ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinhlamvu, ukusekela izinhloso zesikhathi eside zokusimama.
Ukugcina
Isikhathi esidingekayo ukukhokhisa imoto kagesi kuncike ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lweshaja, usayizi webhethri nemikhuba yokushayela. Ngenkathi ukushaja kwasekhaya kunikeza lula kanye nokonga izindleko, iziteshi zokushaja komphakathi zinikeza isivinini nokutholakala ngesikhathi sohambo. Ngokuqonda okuguquguqukayo okuthinta isikhathi sokushaja kanye nokwamukela imikhuba emihle kakhulu, abanikazi be-EV bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo lokushaja futhi bajabulele izinzuzo zokuhamba okuzinzile.
