Nibihe byiza kubidukikije: Imodoka zamashanyarazi cyangwa imodoka za gaze?

Impaka hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi hamwe nibinyabiziga bifite gaze birashyushya. Hamwe nibidukikije bitera ibidukikije hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya, benshi barabaza: nibyiza? 

Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byakunzwe cyane, barwanya imodoka gakondo mubijyanye n'imikorere, igiciro, no kuramba. 

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzashakisha itandukaniro ryingenzi, ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri kimwe, no kugufasha guhitamo uburyo bwo guhitamo bukwiye kuri wewe.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi nimodoka ya gaze?

Imodoka zamashanyarazi: ibisobanuro n'ubwoko

Imodoka zamashanyarazi , zizwi kandi nka evs (ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi), biruka kumashanyarazi yabitswe muri bateri. Bitandukanye n'imodoka gakondo, ntibakeneye lisansi kugirango babone ubutegetsi moteri.

• Abakinnyi b'amashanyarazi b'amashanyarazi (BEVS): izi ni amashanyarazi rwose kandi shishikarira gusa kuri bateri gusa.

• Gucomeka ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (PHevs): Bakoresha bateri byombi na moteri ya lisansi, batanga guhinduka byo guhinduka amashanyarazi nuburyo bwo gukoresha gaze ingendo ndende.

• Ibinyabiziga bya lisansi ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (FCCEV): Aya mashanyarazi akoresheje ingirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogen, asohora imyuka y'amazi gusa nka nkodero.

Imodoka ya gaze: Ibisobanuro n'ubwoko

Imodoka ya gaze, cyangwa ibinyabiziga bya lisansi, koresha moteri yo gutwika imbere (urubura) kugirango utwike lisansi cyangwa mazutu. Ibi bitera moteri, bitanga imbaraga zo kwimura imodoka.

• Ibinyabiziga gakondo byimbere: Izi modoka zishingiye gusa kuri lisansi cyangwa mazutu.

• Imodoka ya Hybrid Gasoline: Ibi bihuza moteri ntoya ya lisansi ifite moteri yamashanyarazi kugirango utezimbere lisansi ariko ukomeze kwishingikiriza kuri lisansi.

Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi na gaze

Isoko

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Shaka imbaraga muri bateri zishishikarizwa gucomeka mumashanyarazi.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Koresha lisansi cyangwa mazutu nkisoko yingufu zabo.

Sisitemu ya powertein

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: ikoreshwa na moteri yamashanyarazi hamwe na bateri. Ntibisaba sisitemu ya gearbox cyangwa imashini igoye.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Byakozwe na moteri yo gutwika imbere, ikeneye ibice nki sisitemu yo kwanduza.

Uburyo bwo kongerera

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: zishyurwa binyuze mumashanyarazi cyangwa sitasiyo rusange. Kwishyuza birashobora gufata igihe kirekire, bitewe nisoko.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Ikongewe kuri sitasiyo ya gaze, ifata iminota mike.

Nigute imodoka z'amashanyarazi zikora vs.

Ubukanishi bw'amashanyarazi

Imodoka yamashanyarazi zikoreshwa namashanyarazi yabitswe muri bateri zabo. Dore uko bakora:

• Bateri: ububiko amashanyarazi, butanga moteri.

• Moteri: Guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mbaraga za mashini kugirango wimure ikinyabiziga.

• Sisitemu yo kwishyuza: Byakoreshejwe mukwishyuza bateri, mubisanzwe binyuze mumashanyarazi cyangwa sitasiyo rusange.

• Ukuntu imodoka y'amashanyarazi itanga imbaraga: Gutenguzi bateri, na moteri ikoresha iyi mbaraga kugirango itere imodoka. Sisitemu ya mudasobwa yimodoka igenzura imirongo y'amashanyarazi kugirango ikoreshe ingufu zikoresha ingufu. Bitandukanye na moteri ya gaze, amashanyarazi arashobora guhita atanga ubutegetsi, atanga kwihuta ako kanya.

Ubukanizi bwimodoka

Imodoka ya gaze zikoresha moteri yo gutwika imbere (urubura) kugirango ukore. Iyi moteri yatwitse lisansi itanga imbaraga zitera imodoka.

• Moteri: gutwika lisansi kubyara imbaraga.

• Tank ya lisansi: Ububiko lisansi kugirango bugaburire moteri.

• Gukwirakwiza: bifasha kwimura imbaraga muri moteri kugera ku ruziga.

• Sisitemu ya exhaus: muyungurura no kwirukana imyugwa byakozwe nuburyo bwo gutwika.

• Ukuntu imodoka ya gaze itanga imbaraga: moteri yaka lisansi iglinders. Uku gutwika bitanga ubushyuhe nigitutu, biruka kuri pistons bihindura crankshaft. Iki cyifuzo cya imashini kishyikirizwa ibiziga binyuze mu kwanduza.

Guhindura ingufu no gukora neza

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi:

• Amashanyarazi akora neza. Amashanyarazi hafi ya yose muri bateri yahinduwe mu rugendo, afite ingufu nke zingufu.

• Ubwonko bwamashya bufasha kugarura zimwe mu mbaraga zikoreshwa mugihe udindiza, ubitse inyuma muri bateri.

• Imodoka ya gaze:

• Moteri yo gutwika imbere ntabwo ikora neza, nkingufu zingenzi zatakaye nkubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutwika.

• Moteri ya lisansiya kandi imyanda iyo idahwitse cyangwa ikora ku muvuduko muto, kugabanya ibikorwa bya lisansi muri rusange.

Ni irihe tandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yimodoka zamashanyarazi nimodoka ya gaze?

Igishushanyo n'imiterere

Imodoka yamashanyarazi na gaze zifite ibishushanyo mbonera bigira ingaruka kumikorere yabo no muri rusange.

• Igishushanyo cy'umubiri:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: akenshi zigaragaza igishushanyo mbonera kubera kubura moteri nini. Gushyira ipaki ya batiri bigira ingaruka kumiterere no gukwirakwiza ibiro.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Kugira moteri nini yo kwandikira moteri yo gutwika imbere (urubura) nibigize itandukaniro nka sisitemu yo kunanirwa no kwanduza.

• Gushyira Moteri na chassis :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: moteri ntoya ni nto kandi isanzwe ishyirwa kumurongo cyangwa ihujwe niziga, kuzigama umwanya no kugabanya ibiro byimodoka.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri iherereye imbere, kandi chassis igomba gushyigikira ibice bya moteri.

• Aerodynamics :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: muri rusange aerodynamic kubera igishushanyo mbonera cyubwonko. Kubura moteri ya moteri hamwe nimiyoboro inaniro igabanya kurwanya ikirere.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Gira ibice byinshi byiziritseho, nka grilles hamwe na pisine yuzuye, bishobora gutera byinshi kuringaniza no kugabanya imikorere muri rusange.

Uburambe bwo gutwara

Inararibonye yo gutwara iratandukanye cyane hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi na gaze.

• Kwihuta :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: gutanga torque ya torque ishimwe kuri moteri yamashanyarazi, yemerera kwihuta kwihuta ziva.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Saba moteri kugirango ugere kuri RPM runaka mbere yo gutanga Torque ntarengwa, ikora kwihuta cyane ugereranije nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

• Gutwara no kuyobora :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Igipanga cyo gupakira gito kigabanya ikigo cyimodoka uburemere, kuzamura umutekano no gutunganya, cyane cyane.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri nibindi bice bigira uruhare mukigo kinini cyuburemere, bigatuma imodoka yumve ko ihamye idahwitse cyangwa kumuvuduko mwinshi.

Amavuta: Kwishyuza na lisansi

Kwishyuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi no kuringaniza imodoka ya gaze ni inzira ebyiri zitandukanye.

• Kwishyuza umwanya wo guha imodoka amashanyarazi na lisansi :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: kwishyuza ev irashobora gufata amasaha menshi mugihe ukoresheje charger isanzwe murugo, ariko sitasiyo yihuta irashobora kugabanya iki gihe mugihe munsi yisaha.

• Imodoka ya gaze: lisansi ifata iminota mike kuri station ya lisansi, bigatuma bihuta kandi byoroshye ingendo ndende.

• Kwishyuza sitasiyo Kuboneka kuri Evs na sitasiyo ya gaze kumihanda ya gaze :

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Kwishyuza sitasiyo zikura mumibare, cyane cyane mumijyi. Ariko, baracyakwirakwiriye kuruta sitasiyo ya gaze, cyane cyane mu cyaro.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Sitasiyo ya gaze ni nyinshi, yorohereza lisansi aho uzajya hose, ndetse no ku ngendo ndende.

Nibihe byiza kubidukikije: Imodoka zamashanyarazi cyangwa imodoka za gaze?

Ingaruka z'ibidukikije z'imodoka zamashanyarazi

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zifatwa nkinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije, cyane cyane kubera kubura imyuka ihumanya.

• Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya zeru: bitandukanye n'imodoka za gaze, evs ntabwo itanga imyuka yangiza nka dioxyde de carbone (CO2), AFRDEDS OXIDIDE (Nox), cyangwa ikibazo. Ibi bigabanya cyane uruhare rwabo mu guhugira ikirere.

• Umusanzu mu kirere gisukuye kandi cyagabanije imyuka ya parike: mu gukuraho umwanda, amashanyarazi atezimbere ubuziranenge mu mijyi no kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone muri rusange. Nkuko esvis asimbuza imodoka za gaze, imijyi irashobora kubona iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwiza.

• Mbega ukuntu esgs igira ingaruka kuri gride yamashanyarazi namasoko yingufu: Kwiyongera gukoresha imodoka zamashanyarazi zitanga byinshi kuri gride y'amashanyarazi. Ibi birashobora kuba ikibazo n'amahirwe. Niba amashanyarazi avuye ahantu hashoborarwaho, evs irashobora kuba icyatsi. Ariko, niba ingufu ziva mumakara cyangwa izindi ngingo zidasubirwamo, inyungu zabo zishingiye ku bidukikije ziragabanuka.

Ingaruka y'ibidukikije y'imodoka ya gaze

Ibinyabiziga bifite amazi ya lisansi nibyingenzi byabanjirije umwanda wibidukikije.

• Kwanduza ikirere: Imodoka ya gazi irekura CO2, nox, hamwe nibibazo. Izi julltats zitanga umusazi mumwotsi, ubwiza bwikirere bukennye, nibibazo byubuhumekero, cyane cyane mubice bituwe cyane.

• Umusanzu mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere no kunywa itabi mu mujyi: Gutwika lisansi nimpamvu nyamukuru itera imihindagurikire y'ikirere. CO2 imyuka ihumanya kuva mumodoka ya gaze umutego cyane mukirere, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwisi. Byongeye kandi, amasarane ya azote (Nox) avuye kunaniza agira uruhare mu mujyi umwonda, bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu n'ibidukikije.

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi ziramba cyane?

Mugihe imodoka zamashanyarazi zikunze kugaragara nkuguhitamo kurambye, hari ibintu bimwe nibidukikije ugomba gusuzuma.

• Gukora imyuka yimodoka zamashanyarazi: gukora ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane bateri, bisaba imbaraga zikomeye. Ubucukuzi bwa Lithium, Cobalt, nibindi bikoresho byo bariyeri ev birashobora kandi kuganisha ku byaro bidukikije iyo bidakozwe neza. Iyi mva myuka ihumanyagurika irashobora kuba hejuru kurenza iy'imodoka ya gaze, cyane cyane mu turere aho amashanyarazi yaturutse mu bihangano by'ibinyabuzima.

• Kujugunya batteri no gutunganya: bateri el imaze kugera kumpera yubuzima bwabo, ibatunga irashobora kugorana. Mugihe imbaraga zimwe zirimo gukorwa kugirango utegure bateri, itara ridakwiye zirashobora kuganisha ku bibidukikije.

• Kwishyira hamwe kwingufu hamwe na evs: evs nicyatsi kinini iyo uhujwe ningufu zishobora kuvugwa nkizuba cyangwa umuyaga. Niba ba nyirurugo bakoresha imbaraga zizuba kugirango bakishyure evs, barashobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije. Guhindura ingufu zishobora kongerwa birashobora gutuma imodoka z'amashanyarazi zirambye kurushaho, zifasha kugera ahazaza ka zeru.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imodoka z'amashanyarazi n'imodoka ya gaze?

Ibiciro bya UPFROT

Igiciro cyambere cyimodoka yamashanyarazi kirashobora kuba hejuru yimodoka ya gaze, ariko haribintu hagomba gusuzuma.

• Impuzandengo y'igiciro cy'amashanyarazi na gaze ya gaze:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: mubisanzwe, evs ni hejuru cyane. Igiciro cya bateri kigira uruhare runini kuri iki giciro cyo hejuru.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Imodoka ifite imbaraga za gaze muri rusange ihendutse kubera ikoranabuhanga ryayo byoroshye no gutanga umusaruro.

• Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku itandukaniro ry'ibiciro ?: Ibintu nkibikoresho bya Bateri, Ibirango, ubwoko bwimodoka (suv na sedan), nibiranga bigezweho nkibiciro byigenga birashobora kuzamura igiciro cyimodoka zamashanyarazi. Imodoka ya gaze mubisanzwe ihendutse kubera igishushanyo mbonera gito.

• Gushimangira leta no kunganya imodoka z'amashanyarazi: Gushishikariza kwakirwa, guverinoma nyinshi zitanga isubirwamo n'imisoro y'abaguzi b'amashanyarazi. Ibi birashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cya evhront cyanditse cyane, cyane cyane mumyaka mike nyuma yo kugura.

Amafaranga yaka: Amashanyarazi na gaze

Igiciro gikomeje cyo gusangira imodoka yawe nikindi kintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma.

• Igiciro cyo kwishyuza imodoka y'amashanyarazi na kongerera imodoka ya gaze:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: kwishyuza ikigaragara mubisanzwe bihendutse kuruta kuzuza ikigega cya gaze. Ikiguzi kuri Kilowatt-Isaha (kh) yamashanyarazi iri munsi yibiciro bya lisansi mukarere gake.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Kongera imodoka ya gaze bihenze kuri kilometero ugereranije namashanyarazi. Ibiciro bya gaze bihindagurika, ariko bakunda kuba bihenze kuruta ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi.

• Ni kangahe ba nyirubwite bashinzwe ?: Ba nyirubwite benshi bishyuza imodoka zabo murugo ijoro ryose. Inshuro zishyurwa ziterwa ningeso zo gutwara, ariko hamwe na bateri yuzuye, imodoka y'amashanyarazi irashobora kumara ibirometero amagana mbere yo gukenera kwishyuza.

• Ihindagurika ryibiciro: Gasa na Gukora Amashanyarazi: Ibiciro bya gaze bikunda guhindagurika cyane kubera ibintu bya geopol Bisanzwe, mugihe ibiciro byamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bihamye nka shilar.

Ibiciro byo kubungabunga: Ninde uhendutse kubungabunga?

Mubisanzwe bifite ibiciro byo kubungabunga igihe ugereranije n'imodoka ya gaze.

• Kugereranya igihe kirekire:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: ibice bike byimuka bivuze kwambara no gutanyagura. Ibi bisobanurwa no gusana bike kandi dukeneye guke cyane.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Ibi bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe, harimo impinduka zamavuta, akazi kohereza, gusana sisitemu ya sisitemu, ishobora kongera mugihe runaka.

• Ibiciro byo gusimbuza bateri bya Evs na moteri gusana imodoka za gaze: Batteri ya Evs irashobora gukenera gusimburwa nyuma yimyaka 8-10, itwara amadorari ibihumbi byinshi. Nyamara, imodoka za gazi zifite moteri yo gusana moteri no gusimbuza igice nabyo bishobora guhinduka mugihe runaka.

• Izindi mirimo isanzwe yo kubungabunga (urugero, impinduka zamavuta, kwambara feri): Imodoka ya gaze zikenera impinduka zamavuta zisanzwe, zidakenewe kubinyabiziga byakarusigi. EVIS kandi ikoresha feri ya segeneray, igabanya kwambara kuri feri ugereranije nimodoka ya gaze.

Gutesha agaciro: Niyihe modoka ifata agaciro kayo?

Gutesha agaciro bigira ingaruka kubiciro birebire bya nyirubwite.

• Igipimo cyo guta agaciro k'amashanyarazi nimodoka ya gaze:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs mubisanzwe itesha agaciro byihuse kumodoka ya gaze kubera ikoranabuhanga ryihuse hamwe nimpungenge zijyanye na bateri yubuzima bwa bateri.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Imodoka ya gaze ikunda kuba nziza kuko yemewe cyane kandi ifite ibiciro bitambere.

• Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku giciro cyo kugurisha cya Evs na Imodoka ya Gazi:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Ubuzima bwa bateri hamwe niterambere ryicyitegererezo bishya birashobora kugabanya agaciro kakuze.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Izi modoka muri rusange zifite indangagaciro zihamye, cyane cyane icyitegererezo gikenewe cyane nk'amakamyo na sedans.

Inyungu ndende z'amafaranga

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zishobora gutanga amafaranga yo kuzigama mugihe kirekire, nubwo igiciro cyambere cyambere.

• Kuzigama kw'ibiciro kubwoko no kubungabunga: Igihe kirenze, kuzigama kuri lisansi no kugabanya kubungabunga ibiterere birashobora gutuma esve bihendutse kubera imodoka za gazi.

• Evs igiciro cyose cyo gutunga kirenga imyaka 5-10: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko, mugihe cyimyaka 5-10, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi birashobora gukiza amadorari ibihumbi kuri lisansi no kubungabunga, nubwo igiciro cyabo cya mbere kiri hejuru.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zirashobora gutwara ibirenze, ariko mugihe kirekire, imikorere yabo ya lisansi hamwe nibiciro byo kubungabunga bishobora kugukiza amafaranga.

Imodoka y'amashanyarazi zimara igihe kingana iki kumodoka ya gaze?

Ubuzima bwo mumodoka

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zizwiho kuramba, ariko ubuzima bwabo bushingiye ahanini kuri bateri.

• Batare ubuzima bwa bateri nibikorwa iyo biteye agaciro: bateri el el mubisanzwe imara hagati yimyaka 8 kugeza 10 cyangwa hafi ibirometero 1000 kugeza 150.000. Igihe kirenze, ubushobozi bwa batiri bugabanuka, kugabanya intera yimodoka. Iyo itesha agaciro, bateri irashobora gukurikizwa gusimburwa, ishobora kuba ihenze.

• Biteganijwe ko mileage no kuramba by'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi: Imodoka nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zirashobora kumara kurenza ibirometero 100.000, kandi benshi bashoboye kugera ku bilometero 200.000 cyangwa zirenga niba bibungabunzwe neza. Kuramba kw'ibivyo biterwa n'ubuzima bwa bateri nuburyo imodoka itwarwa kandi ishyurwa.

Ubuzima bwo mumodoka

Imodoka ya gaze ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kubungabunga nubuzima bwuzuye kumodoka.

• Kurambagiza moteri, sisitemu ya lisansi, hamwe nubuzima bwuzuye: moteri yabungaburo yabungabunzwe neza irashobora kumara imyaka 150.000 kugeza 200.000. Sisitemu ya lisansi hamwe na sisitemu yuzuye kandi ifite kandi ubuzima bukomeye ariko bushobora gusaba gusana cyangwa gusimbuza munzira kubera kwambara no gutanyagura.

• Kugereranya ubuzima bwa moteri na moteri ubuzima mu mavs: moteri y'amashanyarazi ntabwo byoroshye kuruta moteri yo gutwika imbere kandi ifite ibice bike byimuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bakunda kumara igihe kirekire, akenshi urenga ibirometero 200.000, ugereranije na moteri ya gaze bishobora gukenera gusana kenshi.

Niyihe modoka iramba cyane mugihe kirekire?

Mugihe ugereranya kuramba, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi akenshi bifite inkombe. EVS 'Amashanyarazi afite ibice bike bishobora kwambara, kandi ko hakenewe kubungabunga bisanzwe ni munsi yimodoka ya gaze. Ku rundi ruhande, imodoka za gaze, zisaba gusana moteri kenshi, nk'impinduka zamavuta, gusana amavuta, hamwe nakazi kohereza, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kuramba kwabo igihe kirekire.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zirashobora gusaba gusimbuza bateri nyuma yimyaka myinshi, ariko hamwe nibice bike byimuka hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryoroshye, bakunda kugabanuka gaze mugihe kirekire.

Nigute imodoka z'amashanyarazi zikora ugereranije n'imodoka ya gaze?

Impamvu

• Torque no kwihuta mumodoka ya Evs na Imodoka ya Gazi:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs itanga torque ya ako kanya, bivuze ko zishobora kwihuta ziva inyuma. Ibi bibaha inkombe muburyo bworoshye, bwihuta.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri ya gaze ifata umwanya wo kubaka rpm (impinduramatwara kumunota) mbere yo gutanga Torque ntarengwa, bigahita bihuta cyane ugereranije na EVS.

• Umuvuduko wo hejuru no gufata:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Mugihe ibisebe ntibishobora guhora bihuye numuvuduko wo hejuru wimodoka zikoreshwa cyane, bakora neza kumuvuduko wo hasi. Hagati yabo hagati ya rukuruzi, bitewe no gushyira bateri, bituma barushaho guhagarara neza kandi beza.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Imodoka ya gazi muri rusange ifite umuvuduko mwinshi mwinshi, cyane cyane imodoka za siporo. Ariko, bakunda kuba batajegajega muburyo bukomeye kubera hagati yabo ya Gravity.

Uburambe bwo gutwara

• Urusaku n'ihumure: Kugenda bituje bya Evs vs Urusaku rwo muri moteri ya gaze:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs iranyeganyega kuko idafite moteri yo gutwika imbere. Ibi bivamo kugenda byoroshye, kugenda neza badafite urusaku rutoroshye rwimodoka.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri ya gaze zitera urusaku, cyane cyane iyo wihuta. Ku bashoferi benshi, iyi moteri yumvikana yiyongera ku byishimo by'ubunararibonye bwo gutwara, ariko ntibushobora kuba byiza mu gihe kirekire.

• Byoroshya byo kugenda no guha imbaraga zimodoka zamashanyarazi:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi ya moteri bwo gutanga imbaraga zoroshye kandi ako kanya itanga evs kuruhande rwumujyi utwara no guhagarara-no-genda. Nta mpamvu yo guhindura ibikoresho cyangwa gutegereza moteri kugirango ubyumve.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Mugihe imodoka za gazi zirashobora kuba zoroshye, cyane cyane kumuvuduko mwinshi, zisaba guhindura ibikoresho nibindi bikorwa byubukani, bishobora guhagarika ibintu bitagira ingano byihuta mubihe bimwe.

Umuvuduko n'urwego

Mugihe imikorere ari ngombwa, niko intera yimodoka nuburyo ishobora kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi.

• Uburyo kwihuta kw'amashanyarazi kugereranya imodoka gakondo: Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bizwiho kwihuta kwabo. Bamwe mu mikorere minini barashobora kuva kuri 0 kugeza 60 mph bihuta kurusha imodoka nyinshi za siporo, murakoze torque.

• Intera kuri buri kirego na gaze Mileage:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: urutonde rwibigaragaza biterwa nubushobozi bwa bateri. Imodoka nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zirashobora gutembera hagati y'ibirometero 150 na 370 kuri buri rwego, nubwo icyitegererezo cya premium kirashobora kurenza ibi.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Imodoka ya gaze mubisanzwe itanga intera ndende yo gutwara, ugereranije ibirometero 300 kugeza 400 kumatafari yuzuye ya gaze. Ariko, lisansi kenshi irashobora kutorohewe mugihe cyingendo ndende, bitandukanye na Evs zigomba kwishyurwa.

Imodoka zombi zamashanyarazi na gaze zitanga imikorere ikomeye, ariko uburambe bwo gutwara, kwihuta, kandi intera irashobora gutandukana ukurikije ikinyabiziga no gukoresha.

Nibihe byiza nibibi byimodoka yamashanyarazi na gazi?

Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Ibyiza

Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) bitanga ibyiza byinshi, bibashyikiriza abashoferi benshi.

• Ibyuka Bwiruka: Evs ntahakanwa nubwikorikori bwumurimo, bufasha kugabanya umwanda hamwe na gaze ya parike.

• Ibiciro byo hasi bya lisansi: Kwishyuza imodoka y'amashanyarazi muri rusange bihendutse kuruta kuzuza ikigega cya gaze. Amashanyarazi akenshi akunze bihenze kuruta lisansi, kugabanya amafaranga yigihe kirekire.

• Ibice bike byimuka no kubungabunga bike: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zifite ibice bike byakanini ugereranije nimodoka ya gaze. Ibi bivamo kwambara bike kandi amarira no kumafaranga yo gufata neza.

• Igikorwa gituje hamwe nubunararibonye bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga: evs iratinda cyane, itera ibidukikije byamahoro. Batanga kandi kwihuta cyane, byihuse nta mbaniye.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Ibibi

Nubwo bafite inyungu nyinshi, evs izanye nibibi bike.

• Ikiguzi cyo hejuru: Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi mubisanzwe bisaba cyane mbere, ahanini biterwa nikoranabuhanga rihenze. Ariko, amahirwe no kugaruka birashobora gufasha kugabanya ikiguzi.

• Urwego ruto (ugereranije n'imodoka ya gaze): Mugihe EV EVIGS yateye imbere, imodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi ziracyafite urwego rugufi ugereranije nimodoka ya gaze, igabanya ingendo ndende.

• Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo: Gushyuza sitasiyo birashobora kugarukira, cyane cyane mucyaro cyangwa ahantu hateye imbere, gukora ingendo ndende.

• Igihe kirekire cyo kuvugurura: kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi birashobora gufata amasaha, mugihe yakomanze imodoka ifata iminota mike.

Imodoka ya gaze: Ibyiza

Imodoka zikoreshwa gaze zimaze igihe kinini zigenda kubashoferi benshi kubera inyungu zabo.

• Urutonde rwinshi kuri tank ya gaze: Imodoka ya gazi irashobora kugenda neza kumakige yuzuye kuruta imodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi, ibakora neza mu ngendo ndende.

• Ahantu heza haboneka: Sitasiyo ya gaze irahari cyane, yoroshya kugarura ahantu hose kandi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

• Igiciro cyo hasi cyo kugura: Muri rusange imodoka zihenze zisunze ugereranije nimodoka zamashanyarazi, bigatuma barushaho kubona abaguzi kuri bije.

• Kwizerwa no kumenyera: Imodoka ya gaze yamaze imyaka mirongo igera kuri saa kumi nimikuru kandi izwi cyane kubera kwizerwa. Abakanishi benshi bafite uburambe mu kubakorera.

Imodoka ya Gazi: Ibibi

Mugihe imodoka ya gaze itanga inyungu, ziza zifite ibibi.

• Ibiciro biri hejuru yigihe kirekire kandi byo gufata neza: Ibinyabiziga bya gaze mubisanzwe bisaba byinshi kuri lisansi no kubungabunga igihe, cyane cyane kuberako hakenewe impinduka zamavuta na moteri.

• Ingaruka z'ibidukikije ziva mu kirere: Imodoka ifite ikoreshwa na gaze yasohoye imyuka yangiza nka CO2, ikagira uruhare mu guhumana kw'ikirere, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, n'ibibazo by'ubuzima.

• Urusaku no kunyeganyega mugihe cyo gukora: moteri ya gaze itera urusaku n'ibigaye, bishobora gutuma inzira yoroshye ugereranije nimodoka.

Imodoka zombi nizinga zifite imbaraga nintege nke. Guhitamo akenshi biterwa no gutwara ibinyabiziga byawe, ingengo yimari, nibidukikije.

Nibyiza cyane gutunga imodoka y'amashanyarazi cyangwa imodoka ya gaze?

Kwishyuza na lisansi

Imwe mu itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi ninzira nuburyo ikoreshwa.

• Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango bishyuze v. Kuzuza:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: kwishyuza birashobora gufata amasaha menshi niba ukoresheje hanze yinzu. Imyanya yihuta irashobora kugabanya igihe kigera kuminota 30-60. Ariko, ibi biracyari byinshi kuruta uko byanze imodoka ya gaze.

• Imodoka ya gaze: lisansi yihuta, gufata iminota 5 kuri sitasiyo nyinshi. Nuburyo bwihuse kandi bworoshye bwo kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi.

• Kuboneka kwa sitasiyo yo kwishyuza na sitasiyo ya lis:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Kwishyuza sitasiyo ziriyongera, ariko ntibarakwirakwira nka sitasiyo ya gaze. Kubona umuntu birashobora kuba ingorabahizi mu turere twa kure.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Sitasiyo ya gaze iri hafi hose, ikora byoroshye byoroshye kandi byihuse, aho waba uri hose.

Ingendo z'umuhanda: Amashanyarazi na gaze

Ku bijyanye n'urugendo rurerure, imodoka za gaze zifite ibyiza, ariko evs iratera imbere.

• Evs ibereye urugendo ndende ?:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Mugihe ibibi bishobora gukora ingendo ndende, intera irashobora kugarukira bitewe nicyitegererezo. Guteganya kwishyuza birashobora kongera umwanya winyongera murugendo rwawe.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Imodoka ya gaze nayo iboroheye ingendo ndende kubera urwego rurerure kandi ubwinshi bwa sitasiyo ya gaze kumuhanda.

• Ukuntu sitasiyo zirashobora kugira ingaruka ku ngendo zo mumuhanda:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Kwishyuza sitasiyo akenshi ntibikunze kure kuruta sitasiyo ya lisansi, cyane cyane mucyaro cyangwa kure. Ba nyirubwite bakeneye gutegura inzira zabo witonze kandi basuzuma igihe cyo kwishyuza.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Sitasiyo ya gaze ni nyinshi, yemerera lisansi byoroshye nta igenamigambi ryinshi. Ibi bituma imodoka za gazi zihitamo neza mugihe cyingendo zigenda.

Gutwara buri munsi: evs mumijyi

Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bitwara neza mu mujyi bitwara kubera igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye nigikorwa gituje.

• Evs Ibyiza byo gutwara umujyi ?:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs iratunganye kubice byo mumijyi aho ingendo zito zisanzwe. Moteri yabo ntoya hamwe no gukoresha ingufu zikoresha neza kugirango bishobore guhagarara-no-genda.

• Ukuntu evs ikora muguhagarika-no-genda:

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs nibyiza kuba traffic two mumujyi kuva batanze torque yihuta, bivuze koroshya neza kandi byihuse bivuye guhagarara. Ibi bituma gutwara mumodoka iremereye neza kandi neza.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zishobora kuba uburyo bworoshye mumujyi kubera kubungabunga no gukora neza muburyo bwo guhagarika-no kugenda. Ariko, kurugendo rurerure cyangwa mugihe cyoroshye byoroshye nibyingenzi, imodoka za gazi ziracyafite ikiganza cyo hejuru.

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi zifite uburambe bwo gutwara kuruta imodoka za gaze?

Instant Torque no Kwihuta

Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (evs) bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu kwihuta ugereranije n'imodoka zikoreshwa na gaze.

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs itanga Torque Instant, bivuze umwanya ukanda yihuta, imodoka. Ibi biratanga byoroshye kandi byihuse kuva ahagarara.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri ya gaze igomba kwama kwerekeza kumuvuduko runaka mbere yo kugera kuri torque yuzuye, kwihuta cyane biratinda ugereranije.

Urwego rw'urusaku

Ijwi ry'imodoka yawe rigira uruhare runini mubyabaye.

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: evs ituje bidasanzwe. Nta rusaku rwa moteri, bityo urugendo rwumva amahoro kandi rworoshye, cyane cyane kumuhanda.

• Imodoka ya gaze: moteri ya gaze itangira urusaku, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kwihuta. Mugihe abashoferi bamwe bishimira amajwi, birashobora guhungabana mubihe bimwe na bimwe byo gutwara.

Gukemura n'imikorere

Uburyo imodoka igira ingaruka kumuhanda cyane uburyo bishimishije gutwara.

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Bitewe no gushyira ipaki ya bateri iremereye munsi yimodoka, evs ifite hagati yuburemere. Ibi bitezimbere gushikama, cyane cyane iyo bisigaye, bigatuma bakora neza kuruta imodoka nyinshi.

• Imodoka zamashanyarazi: Gutanga amashanyarazi byoroshye, bihamye bya Evs bitera kugendana byoroshye, cyane cyane kumuvuduko wo hasi. Nta moteri cyangwa moteri ivugurura, bituma habaho uburambe bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga.

• Imodoka ya gaze: Ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa na gaze akenshi wumva byoroshye kubera ibikoresho bibi, cyane cyane muguhagarika-no-genda. Gutanga kwa moteri ntabwo bihuye nka moteri yamashanyarazi.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zitanga igihuru, cyoroshye cyo kugendana no kwihuta ako kanya no gukemura neza. Kubashaka uburambe bworoshye, bukora neza, ibibi bikunze kurambiranye gaze.

Ni ubuhe buryo buzaza kumodoka yamashanyarazi na gaze?

EV Gukura isoko

Isoko ry'amashanyarazi (EV) rikura vuba kandi biteganijwe gukomeza kwaguka.

• Kubera ko impungenge zijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ziyongera, ibihugu byinshi ni ugukoresha politiki ishishikariza gukoresha imodoka z'amashanyarazi. Abakora siporo benshi bahindura ibitekerezo byabo kuri evs, no kugurisha bizamuka bikabije mu myaka icumi yakurikiye.

• Ikoranabuhanga rya Bateri riratera imbere, gukora esso ikora neza kandi bihendutse. Udushya bushya nka bateri ikomeye-leta isezeranya kongera ubucucike bwingufu, kugabanya ibihe byo kwishyuza, no kugura umusaruro.

• Umubare wo gushyuza sitasiyo ukura kwisi yose, kugirango byoroshye kuri ba nyirabyo kuyobora imodoka zabo. Imiyoboro-yihuta nayo iragura kandi ikagabana igihe bisaba gutwara imodoka yamashanyarazi no gukora urugendo rurerure rushoboka.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga

Ikoranabuhanga rifite uruhare runini mugihe kizaza cyimodoka zombi.

• Ikoranabuhanga ryo kwitwara rigenda ryinjizwa mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi. Hamwe nibice bike byakanishi, evs biroroshye kumenyera kuri sisitemu yo gutwara kwigenga. Ibi birashobora gutuma esvis irushye cyane mugihe kizaza.

• Nkuko ikoranabuhanga rya el rizamura kandi ubukungu bwikigereranyo buzakina, ikiguzi cyimodoka yamashanyarazi kizakomeza kugabanuka. Mugihe kizaza, evs birashoboka ko zidashoboka nkimodoka gakondo, bigatuma abantu benshi bashobora kugera kubateze amatwi yagutse.

Amabwiriza ya Leta

Politiki ya leta n'amabwiriza bizashyiraho ejo hazaza h'imodoka zombi n'amashanyarazi.

• Guverinoma nyinshi zishyiraho ibipimo byumwanda uhagaze no gusunika inzibacyuho ku binyabiziga bisukuye. Izi politiki ziteganijwe kwihutisha kuva mu modoka ya gaze kugera ku modoka z'amashanyarazi.

• Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bimaze gushyiraho amatariki yo kubuza kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya bya gaze. Nkuko ibi bisabwa, gusaba imodoka z'amashanyarazi bizashobora kwiyongera, mugihe isoko ryimodoka ya gaze rishobora kubona kugabanuka gukabije.

Ejo hazaza h'inganda z'imodoka zigenda zigenda ku modoka z'amashanyarazi, ziyobowe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, politiki ya leta, no gukura abaguzi. Imodoka ya gaze irashobora gutoranya inyuma nkimodoka z'amashanyarazi ziba ihame.

Umwanzuro

Iyo uhisemo hagati Imodoka zamashanyarazi na gaze , tekereza ku biciro, imikorere, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije, noroshye.

Ingeso zawe zo gutwara, ingengo yimari, no kubona ibikorwa remezo bifite uruhare runini muri iki cyemezo.

Nkuko isi ihinduranya igana kunanirwa, amashanyarazi ahinduka igice cyingenzi cyamateka yo gutwara abantu.

Ibibazo

Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro rinini riri hagati yimodoka zamashanyarazi nimodoka ya gaze?

Igisubizo: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zikoresha moteri na bateri yububasha, mugihe imodoka za gaze zishingiye kuri moteri na lisansi. Evs ntukeneye tank ya lisansi cyangwa sisitemu yuzuye, bigatuma byoroshye muburyo.

Ikibazo: Niki gicuti kidukikije: Imodoka zamashanyarazi cyangwa imodoka za gaze?

Igisubizo: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zitanga ikirere cya zeru, zigabanya umwanda wikirere na gaze ya parike. Ibinyuranye, imodoka ya gaze isohora imyanya yangiza nka CO2 na Nox, itanga umusanzu mubidukikije.

Ikibazo: Ni uruhe ruhare rw'amashanyarazi?

Igisubizo: Intera iratandukanye na moderi, mubisanzwe hagati ya kilometero 150 na 370, hamwe nuburyo bwo hejuru bugera kuri kilometero 500.