Imodoka zamashanyarazi ziziba cyane kwamamare, zishimira inyungu zabo ibidukikije. Nkuko abantu benshi bahindukirira evs, tekinoroji ikomeje gutera imbere. Ariko nubwo iterambere ryabo, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi biracyahura n'ibibazo bikomeye.
Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasesengura ibibazo bikomeye hamwe nimodoka zamashanyarazi, harimo no kwishyuza, ubuzima bwa bateri, no kwizerwa muri rusange. Komeza usome wige byinshi kuri izi mbogamizi rusange nibisubizo bishobora.
Ibyingenzi yimodoka yamashanyarazi
Gusobanukirwa imodoka zamashanyarazi
Imodoka zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa namashanyarazi ibitswe muri bateri, bitandukanye nibinyabiziga gakondo bikora kuri lisansi cyangwa mazutu. Evs ifite ibice bike byimuka kandi muri rusange birahurizwa, tanga uburambe bwo gutwara ibintu. Batanga kandi imyuka ihumanya kagira umurizo, bikabatera guhitamo isuku kubidukikije.
Ariko evs ntabwo ari inzira yo gutambuka gusa. Kwemererwa ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byakuze, bitwarwa n'ibidukikije byombi no gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri. Nkuko izo modoka zarushagaho kwiyongera, gusobanukirwabyingenzi bifasha kurambirwa kubaguzi.
Uburyo imodoka z'amashanyarazi zikora
Ku mutima wibinyabiziga byose byamashanyarazi ni bateri, ibika imbaraga. Iyo imodoka imeze, iyi mbaraga ifata moteri yamashanyarazi, ihindura ibiziga. Bitandukanye na moteri zigaragara imbere, zishingiye kuri lisansi yaka kugirango itere imbaraga imbaraga, moteri yamashanyarazi ni yoroheje kandi ikora neza.
Kugereranya n'imodoka gakondo
Itandukaniro rinini riri hagati yimodoka yamashanyarazi na lisansi gakondo cyangwa ibinyabiziga bya mazutu ni sisitemu yo kwisuzumisha. Evs ikoresha gusa imbaraga zamashanyarazi, mugihe ibinyabiziga bisanzwe bishingikiriza kuri lisansi. Nkigisubizo, imodoka zamashanyarazi zifite ibibazo bike byubukanishi, kubera ko babuze ibice nka moteri, imirasire ya exhaus, hamwe na fliteri ya peteroli.
Ibibazo bisanzwe byahuye na ba nyiri amashanyarazi
Ibibazo bya Bateri
Gutesha agaciro bateri nigiciro rusange gifite ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi. Nyuma yigihe, bateri zitakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora ikirego, gishobora kugabanya intera yimodoka. Uku gutesha agaciro akenshi bigira ingaruka kubintu nkubushyuhe, uko imodoka ikoreshwa, kandi bateri ifite imyaka ingahe.
Batteri ya el isanzwe itesha agaciro hafi 2-3% kumwaka. Kurugero, mu turere dukonje, ubuzima bwa bateri bushobora kumara igihe kirekire, mugihe ikirere cyashyushye gishobora gutuma kwangirika vuba. Nyamara, ba nyirayo enye bavuga ko bateri zabo zimara igihe kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe, ukesheje gutera imbere mubuhanga.
Kwishyuza umwanya no guhangayika
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bashinzwe gutwara amashanyarazi nigihe bisaba kwishyuza imodoka. Bitandukanye na lisansi imodoka ya gaze, bifata iminota mike gusa, kwishyuza ev irashobora gufata amasaha menshi, bitewe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza bwakoreshejwe. Sitasiyo yihuse yatumye iyi nzira yihuta, ariko irashobora gufata igihe kirekire kurenza abashoferi benshi baramenyereye.
Indi mbogamizi ni 'guhangayika, ' ubwoba bwo kubura imbaraga za bateri mbere yo kugera kuri sitasiyo. Mugihe imodoka nyinshi za kijyambere zitanga ibirometero birenga 200, ibi birashobora kuba munsi yikirere gikonje cyangwa mugihe ukoresheje sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere.
Kwishyuza Ibikorwa Remezo
Mugihe bishyuye sitasiyo bigenda bihinduka, biracyashoboka cyane nka sitasiyo ya gaze. Ibikorwa remezo bigufi birashobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye, cyane cyane mucyaro cyangwa uturere twa kure aho kwishyuza sitasiyo zishobora kuba gake.
Kubura ibipimo ngenderwaho hagati ya sitasiyo zitandukanye, nkitandukaniro riri hagati yimyogezi yihuta kandi ihuza buri gihe, biragoye kuri iki kibazo. Nkuko kurera EV bigenda byiyongera, hakenewe sitasiyo yizewe kandi ishobora kugeraho iziyongera.
Ikiguzi kinini
Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikunda kugira ikiguzi cyo hejuru ugereranije n'imodoka gakondo. Impamvu nyamukuru kuri iki nigiciro cya bateri, nikimwe mubice bihenze cyane bya ev. Ariko, mugihe, ibi biciro biteganijwe ko bizamanuka nkikoranabuhanga ritera imbere.
Nubwo ikiguzi kinini cyambere, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kuzigama amafaranga mugihe kirekire. Ibiciro byo gukora kuri evs biri hasi, nkuko bisaba kubungabunga bike kandi amashanyarazi muri rusange ahendutse kuruta lisansi. Byongeye kandi, leta nyinshi zitanga imbaraga zo gushishikariza abantu guhindura ibikomokaho, zishobora gufasha guhagarika ikiguzi cya mbere.
Guhitamo kw'ibinyabiziga bigarukira
Mugihe ibintu bitandukanye byamashanyarazi bikura, haracyari amahitamo make ugereranije nimodoka gakondo. Abakora benshi bibanda kurema Sedans na Suvs, ariko haracyariho guhitamo abakeneye amakamyo cyangwa ibinyabiziga binini.
Nkibisabwa ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byiyongera, abakora imyitozo myinshi barakora kugirango batange amaturo yabo. Ibi birimo verisiyo yamashanyarazi yamakamyo azwi cyane, vans, nubundi bwoko bwimodoka.
Kwishyuza ibibazo byo guhuza
Hariho kandi ikibazo cyo kwishyuza. Ntabwo ibinyabiziga byose byamashanyarazi birashobora gukoresha buri sitasiyo yose yo kwishyuza, nkuko moderi zitandukanye zikoresha ubwoko butandukanye. Mugihe abakora benshi bakoresha ibisanzwe bihuza, ibirango bimwe, nka tesla, bifite amashanyarazi.
Ibi bitera umutwe ushobora kubabara ba nyirayo bashobora gukenera adapter kugirango bishyure kuri sitasiyo zimwe. Amakuru meza nuko imbaraga zirimo gushyirwaho kugirango zishishikarize ibyambu byo kwishyuza, bizatuma inzira yoroshye kuri ba nyirabyo bose.
Ibibazo byihariye bya tekiniki nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Ibyuma bidafite agaciro na electronics
Imodoka nyinshi zamashanyarazi zifite ibintu bitoroshye muri-electronics, harimo secsor-yubushyuhe, yerekana ecran, na sisitemu yo kugenzura ikirere. Bamwe mu bashoferi bavuze ko ari amagambo adakora nabi cyangwa sensor idakora neza.
Ingaruka z'umuriro na bateri ikora nabi
Nubwo batteri zidasanzwe, lithium-ion zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi zirashobora kuba nyinshi mugihe cyangiritse cyangwa zangiritse. Ibi ni impungenge cyane mugihe habaye impanuka cyangwa niba bateri ibangamiwe.
Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko imodoka z'amashanyarazi zidashoboka cyane gufata umuriro kuruta imodoka gakondo. Ibipimo byumutekano hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira umuriro rirakomeza kunonosora, ariko ibyago biracyahari, nubwo ku gipimo cyinshi kuruta kubinyabiziga bisanzwe.
Ikidodo kidafite ishingiro nibibazo
Ingero yimodoka yumuyaga, cyane cyane moderi kare, yagize ibibazo hamwe na kashe idakwiye, ishobora kumeneka kumazi. Aba bamenetse barashobora kwiteza imbere mubinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, aho amazi ashobora kugira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yoroshye.
Ibidukikije kandi byimyitwarire
Ingaruka y'ibidukikije yo gukora
Mugihe ibibi ari byiza kubidukikije mugihe utwarwa, inzira yo gukora iracyakora imyuka ikomeye, cyane cyane uhereye kumusaruro wa bateri. Ibi birashobora guhagarika bimwe mubiryo bya karubone mugihe cyimodoka.
Ubucukuzi bwa bateri
Ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro nka lithium, codalt, na nikel-ikoreshwa muri bateri ya el-zitera impungenge. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, imishinga mibori yo gucukura ibinyabuzima byaho kandi birimo imirimo yo gukora, harimo nakazi kabana.
Ejo hazaza h'imodoka z'amashanyarazi n'ibisubizo ku bibazo biriho
Imodoka zamashanyarazi zirashobora gutsinda ibyo bibazo?
Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwa bateri ejo hazaza h'imodoka z'amashanyarazi isa nkaho isezeranye gukurikira udushya nka bateri ikomeye. Iyi bateri isezeranya kumara igihe kinini, kwishyuza byihuse, kandi ikaba ingufu-zikora neza. Nkuko tekolojiya ikuze, evs izarushaho kwizerwa.
Ubwiyongere bwo kwishyuza leta zikorwa remezo biratera gushora imari mu kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo, harimo n'ishoramari remezo yo muri Amerika n'ibikorwa remezo n'ibikorwa byakazi. Iyi gahunda igamije kubaka sitasiyo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bishyuza umuhanda, byorohereza ba nyirabyo gukora urugendo rurerure.
Ibiciro byo hasi nuburyo buhendutse nkicyitegererezo cyikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga no guhatanira isoko, biteganijwe ko igiciro cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizakomeza kugwa. Ibi bizatuma esvis igenda igerwaho nurwego rwagutse.
Kwagura Amahitamo yimodoka no guhuza umuguzi akeneye imyitozo myinshi akora imiyoboro yamashanyarazi yubwoko bwibinyabiziga buzwi, harimo namakapu, ibisuguti, na minivans. Uku kwagura amahitamo bizashimisha abaguzi bagutse, bigatuma essos ihumbuye.
Imodoka y'amashanyarazi irakwiye kuri wewe?
Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi nibyiza kubidukikije, kandi akenshi baza bafite amafaranga yo gukora ugereranije nimodoka gakondo. Ariko, igiciro cyambere, umubare ntarengwa, no kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo biracyahangayikishije.
Niba ufite uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza sitasiyo kandi mubisanzwe utwara intera ngufi, ikiro gishobora guhitamo cyane. Ariko, niba ukunze gukora urugendo rurerure, uzakenera gusuzuma niba ibikorwa remezo byubu bishyigikira ibyo ukeneye.
Umwanzuro
Imodoka zamashanyarazi zihura nibibazo byinshi, harimo gutesha agaciro bateri, kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo, ubwoko buke bwicyitegererezo, amafaranga menshi, nibidukikije.
Nubwo izo nzitizi, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi biracyatanga igisubizo kizerera cyo kwisuku no gutwara abantu. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikomeje, ibyo bibazo birashoboka ko byatera imbere mugihe, bigatuma EVS iba byoroshye kandi neza.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo : Ni ikihe kibazo kinini nimodoka yakaruri?
Igisubizo: Inzitizi zikomeye zifite imodoka z'amashanyarazi zigarukira, ibihe birebire, ibiciro birebire, n'ibikorwa remezo bidahagije. Gutesha agaciro bateri hamwe ningaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro kuri bateri nabyo bikomeza guhangayikishwa n'ingenzi.
Ikibazo : Kuki imodoka zamashanyarazi zihenze cyane?
Igisubizo: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zihenze cyane kubera ikiguzi kinini cya bateri zabo, zikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe nka lithium, codalt, na nikel. Mugihe ibiciro bigabanuka, ibiciro bya bateri biracyatanga cyane kubiciro rusange.
Ikibazo : Kora imodoka z'amashanyarazi zifite sitasiyo zihagije zo kwishyuza?
Igisubizo: Umubare wibikorwa birimo kwishyuza birakura, ariko biracyari inyuma yumubare wa sitasiyo ya gaze. Uku kubura birashobora gutera guhangayika, cyane cyane mu ngendo ndende cyangwa mubice bike byateye imbere.
Ikibazo : Bateri yimodoka y'amashanyarazi ihembye kugeza ryari?
Igisubizo: Bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bimara imyaka 8 kugeza kuri 15, bitewe n'imikoreshereze nibihe. Nyuma yigihe, bateri degrade, kugabanya intera, ariko iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ni kuzamura indwara ya bateri.
Ikibazo : Imodoka zamashanyarazi neza kubidukikije kuruta imodoka zikoreshwa gaze?
Igisubizo: Mugihe ibibi bitanga imyuka ya zeru mugihe cyimiterere, inyungu zabo ziterwa nuburyo amashanyarazi yakozwe. Evs ifite imyuka yo gukora cyane, cyane cyane kuva bateri, ariko muri rusange ifite ikirenge cyo hasi ya karubone mugihe ushinzwe imbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa.
