Izimoto zikagesi zithola ukuthandwa njengenye indlela enobungane ezimotweni zikaphethiloli. Kepha yini ebenza bakhetheke kangaka?
Ukuqonda izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-EV kubalulekile ukwazisa ukusebenza kwayo. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizophendula umbuzo, 'Yini into ebaluleke kakhulu emotweni kagesi? ' Futhi ihlole ezinye izinto ezifaka isandla empumelelweni yayo.
Yini eyenza imoto kagesi yehluke emotweni enamandla kaphethiloli
Isingeniso sezimoto zikagesi vs. Izimoto zangaphakathi zokuhlanganisa (iqhwa)
Izimoto zikagesi (EVS) kanye nezimoto ezinamandla kaphethiloli zihlukile ngokuyisisekelo. I-EVS isebenzisa ama-motor kagesi namabhethri anamandla, ngenkathi izimoto zokuhlanganisa zangaphakathi (iqhwa) zincike kuphethiloli noma udizili. Lolu shintsho lususa isidingo samapayipi okuphelelwa amandla nezinjini zokuhlangana, okufaka isandla ekuhlanzeni umoya kanye nokukhishwa okumbalwa kwekhabhoni. I-EVS ibuye ibe namandla kakhudlwana, isebenzisa amandla amancane ngemayela ngalinye ngokuqhathaniswa nezimoto zendabuko, ngenxa yama-motors awo athuthukile kanye nokungabikho kokulahleka kokushisa okwenzeka kwinjini yokuvutha.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zemoto kagesi
I-Battery Pack : Inhliziyo ye-EV. Igcina amandla anika amandla yonke imoto, futhi usayizi wayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo kuthonya ngqo ukuthi i-EV ingaqhubeka nini ngemali eyodwa.
I-Electric motor : Lawa ma-motors aguqula amandla ebhethri abe yimishini yokunyakaza, ezungeza imoto. Bathule, basebenza kahle, futhi banezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo kunezinjini zendabuko, ezidinga ukulungiswa okuncane.
Uhlelo Lokushaja : EVS kudingeka ukuthi ukhokhiswe amabhethri abo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhokhisa, kufaka phakathi amashaja asekhaya neziteshi zomphakathi ezisheshayo.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Thermal : Lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri nemoto ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga okushisa alungile. Ukushiswa ngokweqile kunganciphisa ukusebenza, ngakho-ke amasistimu wokupholisa afana nabalandeli kanye namapholi abalulekile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu emotweni kagesi: ibhethri
Kungani ibhethri liyinhliziyo ye-EV
Ibhethri lingumthombo oyinhloko wamandla wemoto kagesi. Igcina amandla adingekayo ukuqhuba imoto futhi inqume ukuthi ungahamba ibanga elingakanani ngecala elilodwa. Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngoba anikela ngemali esele yamandla, isisindo, nezindleko. Intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri inciphisa izindleko, ukwanda ibanga, nokwenza i-EVS ibethe xaxa futhi ifinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu.
Uhla lwebhethri nokuphila isikhathi eside
Uhla lwebhethri lubhekisele ekutheni i-EV ingaqhubeka kanjani ngemali eyodwa. Iningi le-EVS namuhla lingahamba amakhilomitha aphakathi kwama-150 kuya kwangama-370 kwicala elilodwa eliphelele, kepha lelo banga liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngemodeli nosayizi webhethri. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri nakho kuyinto ebalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhono lebhethri lokubamba icala liyancipha, kepha imikhuba evamile yokushaja kanye nezimo ezisezingeni elifanele zingasiza ukuyigcina iminyaka eminingi.
Ijubane lebhethri lokushaja kanye nengqalasizinda
Ijubane lokushaja liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lweshaja:
I-Level 1 Charger : I-Slowlest, ingathatha amahora angama-24 ukuyokhokhisa ngokugcwele.
I-Level 2 Charger : Ngokushesha, ukuthatha cishe amahora ama-4 kuye kwayi-8.
Amashaja asheshayo we-DC : Okushesha kakhulu, okuhlinzeka ngemali ekhokhwayo engama-80% cishe imizuzu engama-30. Inethiwekhi ekhulayo yeziteshi zokushaja iyenza kube lula kubashayeli be-EV ukuthola indawo yokushaja. Njengoba ukushaja ingqalasizinda yokushaja kuthuthuka, kunciphisa isithiyo ukutholwa kwe-EV.
Umthelela wezemvelo kanye nokusimama kwamabhethri
Imikhuba eqhubekayo ibalulekile ngekusasa le-EVS. Ngenkathi amabhethri e-lithium-ion esebenza kahle, adinga izinto ezinjenge-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel, engaba yizinkinga zemvelo nangokuziphatha uma zimbiwe ngokunganaki. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kwebhethri kubalulekile. Ukucindezela kwezindlela zokukhiqiza zebhethri okuhlanza kanye nokuqina kwezinto zokwakha kukhula.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa yimoto kagesi ekusebenzeni kwe-EV?
Ama-motor kagesi: Amandla anamandla okuthula
Ama-motor kagesi asemqoka ekusebenzeni kwe-EV. Ngokungafani nezinjini zokuhlanganisa, akudingeki ukuthi zishise uphethiloli, zizenze zisebenze kahle kakhulu. Basebenza ngokuthula futhi banikeze isipiliyoni sokushayela esibushelelezi. E-EV, kuvame ukuba ne-motors eyodwa noma ezimbili noma ezimbili, kuya ngokuthi imoto iyi-wheel drive noma cha. Banikwa amandla ngebhethri futhi baguqula amandla agcinwe abe yinhlangano yemishini.
Ukushesha kanye ne-torque ezimotweni zikagesi
Enye yezinzuzo ezisemqoka zama-motor kagesi yi-torque yazo esheshayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ucindezela i-accelerator, imoto iphendula ngokushesha ngamandla. I-EVS ivame ukuzizwa isheshe futhi iphendule kakhulu kunezimoto zikaphethiloli ngenxa yalokhu kusheshisa okubushelelezi.
Ukulungiswa kwezimoto
Ama-motors kagesi anezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihamba phambili kunenjini yokuhlanganisa, okusho ukugqoka okuncane nokudabula. Lokhu kuphumela ezindlekweni zokulungiswa okuphansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, i-EVS ayidingi ushintsho kawoyela, futhi amasistimu wokubopha agcina isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuvuselela kabusha. Sekukonke, izindleko zokulungisa ama-motor kagesi ziphansi kakhulu kunezimoto zendabuko.
Ukubaluleka kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezimoto zikagesi
Kuyini ukubopha kabusha?
Ukuvuselela kabusha uhlelo olusiza ukonga amandla ngenkathi kwehlisa imoto. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amabhuleki wendabuko wokungqubuzana, aguqula amandla e-kinetic abe ukushisa, iziteshi zokuvuselela ama-braking athile amandla abuyele ebhethri ukuze asetshenziswe ngemuva kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nobubanzi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushayela idolobha.
Izinzuzo Zokuvuselelwa Ngokuvuselela
Ibanga elikhulayo : Ngokuphindaphinda amandla, ukubopha kabusha ukunweba uhla lwe-EV, okwenza kusebenze kahle.
Kuncishiswe ukugqokwa kwe-brake : Njengoba uhlelo lusebenzisa i-motor ukunciphisa imoto phansi, kunciphisa isidingo samaphilisi endabuko ebhulukwe, ukwehlisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Uhlelo lokushaja: Izimoto zikagesi ziwathola kanjani amandla azo?
Izimoto zikagesi zikhokhiswa kanjani
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhokhisa i-EV, ezineziteshi ezivame kakhulu zokushaja kwasekhaya. Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, abashayeli abaningi bakhokha izimoto zabo ubusuku bonke ekhaya besebenzisa ishaja 2. Iziteshi zokushaja komphakathi nazo ziyatholakala, kufaka phakathi amashaja asheshayo anikeza ukukhuphula okusheshayo lapho kudingeka. Ukutholakala kwamashaja kuyanda, futhi amanethiwekhi amaningi atholakala kalula ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ukusiza abashayeli ukuba abathole.
Ijubane lokushaja nesikhathi
Izikhathi zokushaja zincike kwishaja:
I-Level 1 Charger : ingathatha amahora angama-24 ukuyokhokhisa ngokuphelele i-EV.
I-Level 2 Charger : Kuthatha cishe amahora amane kuya kwayi-8.
Amashaja asheshayo we-DC : Shaja i-EV kuya ku-80% ngemizuzu nje engama-30. Ngokukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo, izikhathi zokulinda zithola amafushane, kusiza ukukhathazeka ukukhathazeka ngezikhathi ezinde zokushaja.
Ukushaja kwe-EV kanye nobubanzi bokukhathazeka
Ukukhathazeka ngobubanzi ukwesaba ukuthi ibhethri le-EV lizophela ngaphandle kwenkokhiso ngaphambi kokuthola isiteshi sokushaja. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ingqalasizinda yokushaja inwebeka futhi uhla lokushayela lwe-EVS luyakhuphuka, lokhu kukhathazeka kuya ngokuya kuba yinkinga. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo kanye nezinketho zokushaja okusheshayo ngokuzayo kungahle kudluliselwe ukukhathazeka ngobubanzi.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Thermal: Ukugcina i-EV yakho kugijima kahle
Kuyini ukuphathwa kwe-Thermal ku-EVS?
Ukuphathwa kwe-Thermal kubalulekile ekwenzeni izimoto zikagesi. Ibhethri, imoto, kanye ne-elekthronikhi ye-Power idinga ukugcinwa emazingeni okushisa abavumela ukuba basebenze kahle. Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwe-Thermal zisebenzisa ama-coolants, ama-radiator, kanye nabalandeli balawule lawa mazinga okushisa futhi bavikele ukushisa ngokweqile, okunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezakhi.
Umthelela wokuphathwa okushisayo ekusebenzeni
Uma ibhethri noma imoto ishisa kakhulu, inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle futhi ibangele ukulimala. Ngokuphatha amazinga okushisa ngempumelelo, lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-EV igijima kahle kakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuphathwa kahle kwe-Thermal nakho kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela okuphelele ngokugcina ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokushayela.
Izakhi ezisemqoka ezingeziwe ezithinta ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi
Iyunithi yokulawula imoto
I-VCU ifana nobuchopho bemoto kagesi. Ixhumanisa amasistimu ahlukahlukene emotweni, kufaka phakathi isivinini sezimoto, izinga lokushisa lebhethri, nokusheshisa. Lokhu kulawulwa okuphakathi kusiza ukwandisa ukusebenza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto isebenza kahle.
Amandla Electronics
I-Power Electronics ifaka phakathi izingxenye ezifana ne-Inverters Nabaguquli. Baphatha ukugeleza kukagesi kusuka ebhethri kuya emotweni, kuqinisekise ukuthi amandla asetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Lezi zingxenye zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla, okwenza imoto isebenze kahle futhi isonga amandla.
I-Chassis nomzimba design
Umklamo womzimba we-EV udlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezingasindi njenge-aluminium ne-magnesium, abakhiqizi banganciphisa isisindo semoto ephelele. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi imoto isebenze kahle, isiza ukwelula ububanzi bokushayela, futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha ngokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Izici ezithinta isipiliyoni sokushayela se-eV sonke
Ibanga lokushayela
Uhla lokushayela lwemoto kagesi luncike ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi usayizi webhethri, isitayela sokushayela kanye nezimo zomgwaqo. I-EVS ngokuvamile ihamba phambili eDolobheni
Ingqalasizinda yokushaja
Ukutholakala kweziteshi zokushaja kubalulekile ukuthola ukwamukelwa kwe-EV. Njengoba ukushaja ingqalasizinda kuyanda, ukushayela i-EV kuba lula ngokwengeziwe. Ukutholakala okugcwele kweziteshi zokushaja komphakathi kuzokwenza ukuthi uhambo olude lulawuleke futhi lunciphise amathuba okuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Ukulungiswa kanye nezindleko zobunikazi
Izimoto zikagesi ngokuvamile zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane kunezimoto zendabuko. Azikho izinguquko zamafutha, izingxenye ezimbalwa ezinyakazayo, namabhuleki ahlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuvuselela kabusha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuphumela ezindlekweni zokulungiswa okuphansi kanye nokonga okuphezulu kwabanikazi be-EV.
Yikuphi ukuthambekela kwesikhathi esizayo ebuchwepheshe bemot yemoto kagesi?
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buvela ngokushesha okukhulu. Amabhethri e-Solid-State, anikeza ukuncipha kwamandla okuphezulu nezikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, ziyakhiwa. Lokhu okusha kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko nokwandisa ibanga, okwenza i-EVS isebenze ngokwengeziwe.
Ukushayela okuzimele kanye ne-EVS
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushayela obuzimele ngezimoto zikagesi kukhuphuke. I-EVS ilungele ukhetho lokushayela oluzimele ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo okubushelelezi nokuthembela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe. Le ntuthuko ingaholela kokuhlangenwe nakho okuphephile, okusebenzayo kakhulu kokushayela.
Ukushintshwa ekukhiqizweni okuqhubekayo
Njengoba ukufunwa kwezimoto zikagesi kukhula, abakhiqizi bagxile ekwenzeni inqubo yokukhiqiza isimeme ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kufaka ukusebenzisa imikhuba yokuziphatha kwezimayini, ukwenza ngcono ukuvumelanisa kwebhethri, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwezikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Imikhuba eqhubekayo izodlala indima ebalulekile ngokuzayo kwezimoto zikagesi.
Ukugcina
Ibhethri, imoto kagesi, uhlelo lokushaja, kanye nokuphathwa okushisayo konke ukudlala izindima ezibalulekile ku kwemoto kagesi . ukusebenza Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ibhethri, kepha yonke ingxenye isebenza ndawonye ukwenza i-EV isebenze, inobungane nemvelo, futhi ibiza kakhulu.
Amazolumbo
Q: Yikuphi ukulindelwa kwempilo yebhethri lemoto kagesi?
A: Ibhethri lemoto kagesi livame ukugcina iminyaka engu-8-15, kuya ngezinto ezinjengokusetshenziswa kanye nokunakekelwa.
Q: Ngidinga kangaki ukushaja imoto yami kagesi?
A: Imvamisa yokushaja incike emikhubeni yakho yokushayela. Abaniningi abaningi abakhokhisa ubusuku bonke ekhaya ukuze basebenzise nsuku zonke.
Q: Ngingakwazi ukushaja imoto yami kagesi ekhaya?
A: Yebo, ungakhokhisa i-EV yakho ekhaya usebenzisa i-Level 1 noma Level 2 ishaja.
Q: Ngabe izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukulungiswa njalo?
A: Izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane kunezimoto zendabuko. Akukho shintsho kawoyela, namabhuleki agcina isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuvuselela kabusha.
Q: Ngabe izimoto zikagesi zikufanele ukutshalwa kwemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
A: Yebo, i-EVS iyabiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zikaphethiloli, izidingo ezimbalwa zokulungisa kanye nezinsizakalo zentela.
