Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi birimo gukundwa nkubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kumodoka ya lisansi. Ariko ni iki kibadasanzwe cyane?
Gusobanukirwa ibice byingenzi bya ev ningirakamaro gushima imikorere yayo. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasubiza ikibazo, 'Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi mu modoka y'amashanyarazi? ' No gushakisha ibindi bintu bigira uruhare mu gutsinda.
Niki gituma imodoka yamashanyarazi itandukanye na lisansi gakondo ya lisansi
IRIBURIRO RY'IMPAMVU ZA SHORICH na moteri yo gutwika imbere (Ice)
Imodoka zamashanyarazi (evs) hamwe nibinyabiziga gakondo gakondo bitandukanye biratandukanye. Evs ikoresha amashanyarazi na bateri yububasha, mugihe moteri yo gutwika imbere (ibinyabiziga) bishingikiriza kuri lisansi cyangwa mazutu. Ihinduka rikuraho ibikenewe bikenewe imiyoboro inanira hamwe na moteri yo gutwika, kugira uruhare mu kirere gisukuye hamwe n'ubwiyuha bwa karubone. Evs nayo ni ingufu-zikora neza, ukoresheje imbaraga nke kuri kilometero ugereranije nimodoka gakondo, mbikesha moteri zabo zateye imbere ndetse no kubura ubushyuhe.
Ibice by'ingenzi by'imodoka y'amashanyarazi
Ipaki ya batiri : Umutima wa bateri. Irabika imbaraga ibinyabiziga byose, nubunini bwayo no gukora neza bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye kuburyo ev ishobora gufata kuri kimwe.
Moteri yamashanyarazi : Izi motos ihindura ingufu muri bateri mubikorwa mubigendere, bifata imodoka. Baranyeganyega, gukora neza, kandi bafite ibice bike byimuka kuruta moteri gakondo, bisaba kubungabunga bike.
Sisitemu yo kwishyuza : Evs igomba kwishyurwa kububasha bariye. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza, harimo amagana murugo hamwe na sitasiyo rusange.
Ubuyobozi bwa Thermal : Iyi gahunda iremeza ko bateri na moteri ziguma mu bushyuhe bwiza. Gukomera birashobora kugabanya imikorere, sisitemu yo gukonjesha nkabafana nabakonje ni ngombwa.
Ikintu cyingenzi mumashanyarazi: bateri
Kuki bateri ari umutima wa el
Batare nisoko nyamukuru yimbaraga za moteri yamashanyarazi. Irabika imbaraga zikenewe kugirango ikore imodoka kandi igena uko ushobora gukora mugihe kimwe. Batteri-ion ion isanzwe ikoreshwa kuko itanga impirimbanyi nziza yububasha, uburemere, nibiciro. Iterambere rikomeje muri tekinoroji ya bateri rigabanya ibiciro, byiyongera cyane, no gukora ibiteye bidahendutse kandi rishobora kugera kuri buri wese.
Intera ya bateri no kuramba
Range ya bateri ivuga uko ev ishobora kujya mu cyiciro kimwe. EVISS nyinshi muri iki gihe zirashobora kujya hagati y'ibirometero 150 kugeza 370 kuri kimwe cyuzuye, ariko iyo nkuru iratandukanye bitewe nicyitegererezo nubunini bwa bateri. Kuramba kwa bateri nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi. Igihe kirenze, ubushobozi bwa bateri bwo gutanga ikirego igabanuka, ariko ingeso zisanzwe zo kwishyuza nibihe byiza birashobora gufasha kubungabunga imyaka myinshi.
Bateri yishyuza hamwe nibikorwa remezo
Kwimura umuvuduko biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwamakeri:
Urwego 1 Amashanyarazi : Buhoro, urashobora gufata amasaha 24 kugirango wishyure neza.
Urwego 2 Amashanyarazi : Kwihuta, gufata amasaha agera kuri 4 kugeza kuri 8.
DC Amashanyarazi Yihuta : Byihuta, bitanga amafaranga 80% muminota 30. Urusobe rwiyongera rwo kwishyuza sitasiyo ziroroka kuba bashoferi babonye aho kwishyuza. Nkuko ibikorwa remezo bitera imbere, bigabanya inzitizi yo kurera.
Ingaruka z'ibidukikije no kuramba kwa bateri
Imigenzo irambye ni ngombwa ejo hazaza h'uwako. Mugihe bateri-ion ion ikora neza, zisaba ibikoresho nka lithium, coiballat, na nikel, ishishikajwe nibidukikije hamwe nibibazo bidahwitse. Gutunganya no kunoza imizabibu irambye yimiterere ya bateri ni ngombwa. Guhatira uburyo bwo kubyara bya bateri busukuye hamwe nuburyo bwo gushakisha ibikoresho birakura.
Ni uruhe ruhare moteri y'amashanyarazi mu bikorwa EV?
Amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi acecetse
Amashanyarazi ashingiye kumikorere ev. Bitandukanye na moteri yo gutwika, ntibagomba gutwika lisansi, bigatuma barushaho gukora neza. Bakorera bucece kandi batanga uburambe bworoshye bwo gutwara. Muri ev, mubisanzwe hariho moteri imwe cyangwa ebyiri z'amashanyarazi, bitewe niba ikinyabiziga gifite ibiziga byose cyangwa atari. Zikoreshwa nabi na bateri hanyuma uhindure ingufu zabitswe mumutwe wa mashini.
Kwihuta na torque mumodoka
Imwe mu nyungu zingenzi za moteri yamashanyarazi niryita yabo. Ibi bivuze ko iyo ukanze kwihuta, imodoka isubiza ako kanya hamwe nubutegetsi. Ibibi akenshi umva byihuse kandi witabira cyane kuruta imodoka za lisansi kubera iyi myanya myiza kandi ako kanya.
Kubungabunga moteri
Motors y'amashanyarazi ifite ibice bike byimuka kuruta moteri zo gutwika, bivuze ko yambaye no gutanyagura. Ibi bivamo ibiciro byo kubungabunga mugihe runaka. Kurugero, evs ntukeneye impinduka zamavuta, hamwe na sisitemu ya feri bimara igihe kirekire kubera feri ya romeka. Muri rusange, ibiciro byo kubungabunga amashanyarazi biruta cyane kuruta ibinyabiziga gakondo.
Akamaro ko kugendera kumodoka mumodoka
Iperinge ya MidEnerave niyihe?
Ubwonko bwamashya ni sisitemu ifasha kubungabunga ingufu mugihe udindiza ikinyabiziga. Aho gukoresha feri gakondo gakondo, zihindura ingufu za kinetique mubushyuhe, imiyoboro ya feri ya regnerative zimwe mu ingufu zimwe zisubira muri bateri kugirango zikoreshwe nyuma. Ibi bifasha kunoza imikorere nurwego, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutwara.
Inyungu zo Kuvugurura
Kongera urwego : mugusubiramo ingufu, feri ya romenerave igura urutonde rwa ev, gukora neza.
Kugabanya kwambara feri : Kuva sisitemu ikoresha moteri kugirango igabanye imodoka, igabanya ibiciro bya feri gakondo, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga.
Sisitemu yo kwishyuza: Nigute imodoka z'amashanyarazi zibona imbaraga zabo?
Uburyo imodoka zamashanyarazi
Hariho inzira zitandukanye zo kwishyuza ev, hamwe nubukunze kuba ahantu ho kwishyuza murugo. Kugirango ukoreshe buri munsi, abashoferi benshi bishyuza imodoka zabo ijoro ryose murugo bakoresheje urwego 2. Imyanya rusange yo kwishyuza nayo iraboneka, harimo na charger yihuse itanga imbaraga zihuse mugihe bikenewe. Kuboneka kw'amaguru biraguka, kandi imiyoboro myinshi iragenda irashobora kuboneka hamwe na porogaramu zo gufasha abashoferi babimenye.
Kwishyuza umuvuduko nigihe
Kwishyuza ibihe biterwa na charger:
Urwego 1 Amashanyarazi : Urashobora gufata amasaha 24 kugirango wishyure neza ev.
Urwego 2 Amashanyarazi : Fata amasaha agera kuri 4 kugeza 8.
DC Amashanyarazi Yihuse : Kwishyuza EV kugeza 80% muminota 30 gusa. Hamwe no kuzamuka kwikoranabuhanga ryihuse, ibihe byo gutegereza biragufi, gufasha kugabanya impungenge zijyanye no kwishyuza igihe kirekire.
Ev kwishyuza no guhangayika
Guhangayika cyane ni ubwoba ko bateri ya enye izabura mbere yuko ushakira sitasiyo yo kwishyuza. Ariko, nkibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza hamwe nurwego rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga biriyongera, iyi mpungenge ntizihinduka ikibazo. Wireless Cherging tekinoroji hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse mugihe kizaza birashobora guturika guhangayika.
Ubuyobozi bwa Thermal: Komeza EV ikora neza
Ubuyobozi buturuka muri EVS?
Ubuyobozi bwubushyuhe ni ngombwa mugukora imodoka zamashanyarazi. Batare, moteri, na elegitoroniki zingufu bakeneye kubikwa ku bushyuhe bubafasha gukora neza. Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe Koresha ibihano, imirasire, n'abafana kugenzura ubu bushyuhe no gukumira indwara nyinshi zo kwishyurwa, bishobora kugabanya ubuzima bw'ikigize.
Ingaruka zo gucunga ubushyuhe kumikorere
Niba bateri cyangwa moteri bishyushye cyane, birashobora kugabanya imikorere ndetse bikanatera ibyangiritse. Mugucunga ubushyuhe neza, sisitemu ireba ko ikigaragara cyiruka mubyiza kandi kimara igihe kirekire. Ubuyobozi bukwiye kandi bufasha kunoza uburambe bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga mugukomeza imikorere mubihe bitandukanye byo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Ibice byingenzi byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yamashanyarazi
Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ibinyabiziga
VCU ni nkubwonko bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ihuza sisitemu zitandukanye mumodoka, harimo umuvuduko wihuta, ubushyuhe bwa batiri, no kwihuta. Ubu bugenzuzi bwo hagati bufasha guhitamo imikorere no kureba imodoka ikora neza.
Imbaraga Electronics
Amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki arimo ibice nkabohendutse nabahindura. Bacunga amashanyarazi muri bateri kugeza kuri moteri, bemeza ko imbaraga zikoreshwa neza. Ibi bigize bifasha kunoza imikorere ingufu, bigatuma imodoka ikore neza kandi ikazigama ingufu.
Chassis hamwe no gushushanya umubiri
Igishushanyo cyumubiri wa el kigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byayo. Ukoresheje ibikoresho byoroheje nka aluminium na magnesium, abakora barashobora kugabanya uburemere bwimodoka. Ibi bituma imodoka ikora neza, ifasha kwagura intera yo gutwara, no guteza imbere umutekano kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa mugihe habaye impanuka.
Ibintu bireba uburambe muri rusange bwo gutwara
Intera yo gutwara
Urwego rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga rwimodoka ruterwa nibintu bitandukanye, harimo ubunini bwa batiri, uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga, nuburyo bwo kumuhanda. Evs muri rusange nibyiza kubagenzi zumujyi, ariko moderi zimwe zitanga urugendo rurerure mumihanda.
Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo
Kugera ku guhanishwa sitasiyo ni ngombwa kubyemezo bya EV. Nkuko kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo byagutse, gutwara ibivyeho biba byoroshye. Kuboneka Kuboneka Sinasiyo rusange yo kwishyuza izakora ingendo ndende kandi igabanye amahirwe yo kubura.
Kubungabunga no kugura nyirubwite
Imodoka yamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bisaba kubungabunga bike kuruta ibinyabiziga gakondo. Nta mpinduka zamavuta, ibice byimuka, hamwe na feri birebire bimaze igihe kubera feri ya romanne. Igihe kirenze, ibi bivamo ibiciro byo kubungabunga no kuzigama hejuru ya ba nyirabyo.
Ni ubuhe buryo buzaza mu ikoranabuhanga mu mashanyarazi?
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya bateri
Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri rirahinduka vuba. Batteri-ya leta, itanga ingufu nyinshi zingufu nibihe byihuta, biratezwa imbere. Udushya dushobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro no kongera intera, gukora esmu kurushaho.
Gutwara amafaranga yigenga na evs
Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga ryigenga ryigenga hamwe nibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi biriyongera. Evs ni abakandida beza ku bwigenge bwigenga kubera ibikorwa byabo byoroshye no kwishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere. Iri terambere rishobora gutuma umuntu atekanye, cyane cyane gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Guhinduranya Kugana Gukora Gukora
Nkibisabwa imodoka zamashanyarazi ziyongera, abakora biribanda kubwo gukora inzira zikorwa neza. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imyitwarire yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, kunoza bateri yo gutunganya ibinyabiziga, no kugabanya ibyuka mugihe cyo gukora. Imigenzo irambye izagira uruhare rukomeye mugihe kizaza cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Umwanzuro
Bateri, moteri yamashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kwishyuza, nubuyobozi bwubushyuhe bwose bakina urufatiro rwingenzi muri an Imikorere ya School muri rusange. Ikintu cyingenzi cyane ni bateri, ariko igice cyose gikorera hamwe kugirango iki gishobore gukora neza, ibidukikije, nibiciro.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Icyizere cyo kubaho kwa bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi ni iki?
Igisubizo: Bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi mubisanzwe imara imyaka 8-15, bitewe nibintu nkibikoreshwa no kubungabunga.
Ikibazo: Ni kangahe nkeneye kwishyuza imodoka yanjye y'amashanyarazi?
Igisubizo: Kwishyuza inshuro biterwa ningeso zawe zo gutwara. Abafite benshi ba nyirubwite baza ijoro ryose murugo kugirango bakoreshe buri munsi.
Ikibazo: Nshobora kwishyuza imodoka yanjye yamashanyarazi murugo?
Igisubizo: Yego, urashobora kwishyuza ev murugo ukoresheje urwego 1 cyangwa urwego rwa 2 charger.
Ikibazo: Kora imodoka z'amashanyarazi zikeneye kubungabungwa buri gihe?
Igisubizo: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zisaba amafaranga make kurenza ibinyabiziga gakondo. Nta mpinduka zamavuta, kandi feri iramara igihe kirekire kubera feri ya romeka.
Ikibazo: Imodoka zamashanyarazi zikwiye gushora imari mugihe kirekire?
Igisubizo: Yego, evs nibiciro bihendutse mugihe kirekire kubera ibiciro bya lisansi, ibikenewe bike byo kubungabunga, no gushingwa imisoro.
