Please Choose Your Language
X-Banner-Xov xwm
Lub tsev » Txoj moo » Leej Kev lag luam xov xwm twg tsim hluav taws xob rickshaw

Leej twg tsim hluav taws xob rickshaw

Saib: 0     Sau: Tus xaib Editor Tshaj Tawm Lub Sijhawm: 2025-03-21 Keeb kwm: Lub chaw

Noog

Facebook Sib Koom khawm
Twitter Sib Koom khawm
Kab Sib Koom khawm
WeChat Sib Tw khawm
Linkedin Shading khawm
Pinterest Sharing Khawm
Lub pob WhatsApp
Sharethis Sib Koom Ncaws

Fais rickshaws tau hloov kho txoj kev thauj mus los hauv nroog, muab kev xaiv hauv eco-phooj ywg rau cov tsheb qub. Cov tsheb me me no, cov roj teeb hluav taws xob yog hloov chaw nyob hauv cov nroog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Is Nrias teb, Bangladesh, Nepal, thiab Suav. 

Tab sis leej twg tsim lub rickshaw, thiab dab tsi sparked nws tsim? 

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog lub hauv paus pib ntawm e-rickshaw, nws tus tsim, thiab yuav ua li cas lub siab hloov pauv toj roob hauv pes.


Lub hauv paus pib ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw: tracing nws txoj kev loj hlob


Dab tsi yog hluav taws xob rickshaw?

Ib Fais Rickshaw , Kuj tseem hu ua e-rickshaw, yog ib lub tsheb me me, peb-lub cev siv hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob thiab roj teeb. Tsis zoo li cov rickshat, uas cia siab rau tib neeg lub zog lossis cov roj av tshuab, e-rickshaws yog eco-phooj ywg thiab muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm qis dua.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaws suav nrog:

  • Peb-lub log tsim: Muab cov nyiaj zoo dua thiab kev ua rog nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg coob.

  • Lub cev muaj zog hluav taws xob: Powers lub tsheb siv tus txhuam hniav DC.

  • Roj teeb-powered propulsion system: feem ntau siv cov roj teeb ua kua qaub, muab cov roj teeb kom muaj ntau dua piv rau cov tsheb sib txuas.

Piv nrog tso cai pib rickshaws, e-rickshaws tsis txhob cia siab rau cov roj thiab pheej yig dua los tswj. Tsoos rickshaws, feem ntau roj-powered, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ib puag ncig.


Leej Txiv ntawm Fais Rickshaw: Viojay Kapoor


Leej twg yog Vijay kapoor thiab vim li cas nws thiaj hu leej txiv ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw?

Viojay Kapoor yog lub npe uas sib txuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw. Ib qho IIT Kanpur kawm tiav, nws ua lub hauv paus muaj zog hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev lag luam tsheb. Kapoor cov kev paub tau pab nws txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj neeg hauv nroog - qhov xav tau lub tsheb pheej yig, yuav hloov cov kev caij nkoj uas muaj peev xwm hloov.

Dab tsi yog Kapoor yog tsim hluav taws xob ricksha tau pom cov kev tawm tsam ntawm rickshaw rub tawm hauv Delhi cov kab uas muaj neeg coob. Lub cev ua haujlwm uas lawv tau ua txhaum huab cua huab cua txhawb nws kom pom kev daws teeb meem uas yuav txo lawv lub neej zoo.


ViJay Kapoor tsim thawj hluav taws xob Rickshad yog li cas?

Hauv Kapoor cov thawj coj ntawm SAera Electric Auto Ltd., Thawj Fais Rickshaw tau tsim hauv 2011. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tsis yooj yim. Ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho kom txhawb nqa cov tsheb hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb hauv Is Nrias teb. Ntau qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog thaj chaw nyob hauv zos, yuam thiab nws pab neeg kom pom cov kev daws teeb meem.

Dua li ntawm cov kev sib tw no yoog cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov khoom siv los tsim lub tsheb haum rau Indian txoj kev. Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau tus nqi-efficiency, yooj yim ntawm kev siv, thiab kev ruaj khov, lawv tsim thawj tus qauv, uas tsis ntev pib ua nthwv dej hauv khw.


Dab tsi hauv kev nrhav ViJay Kapoor coj mus rau hluav taws xob rickshaw?

Kapoor tus tsim kev txhim kho yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw. Nws ua cov kev hloov kho qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev muaj zog, chassis, thiab roj teeb system kom ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo dua qub thiab kav ntev. Cov kev txhim kho no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho lub tsheb mus rau Is Nrias teb txoj kev xav tau lub nroog.

Ib qho ntawm Kapoor tus yuam sij tshiab tau zawm tus qauv tsim kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm Rickshaw cov tsav tsheb. Piv txwv li, lub mayuri e-rickshaw, uas yog thawj zaug tsim tawm thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua, ua rau nws xis nyob thiab txhim khu kev qha rau kev siv txhua hnub.

Ua tsaug rau cov kev nrhav no, kapoor's e-rickshaw sai sai tau txais kev lag luam zoo, pab suav cov rickshaw romitable thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.


Cov evolution ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw: los ntawm cov qauv rau kev muaj koob meej

Txoj kev ua lag luam e-rickshaw ever hauv Is Nrias teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws?

Kev lag luam e-rickshaw tau loj hlob vim nws cov lus qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, Bangladesh, Nepal, thiab Suav. Cov teb chaws no tau pom kev hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob cov tsheb hluav taws xob vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig thiab kev xav tau kev thauj mus los hauv nroog ntev.

  • Is Nrias teb: tus e-rickshaw tau muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 2010. Los ntawm 2022, tshaj 2.4 lab e-rickshaws tau ua haujlwm, tsim txog 85% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv txoj kev Indian.

  • Bangladesh: Fais Rickshaws tau qhia thaum ntxov 2000s, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev hloov maj mam hurdles.

  • Nepal: e-rickshaws, hu ua Citi Safaris, tau hloov chaw thauj mus los hauv nroog zoo li Kathmandu.

  • Tuam Tshoj: Tuam Tshoj tseem yog cov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm E-Rickshaws, nrog lub lag luam export tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb rau South Asia.

Tsoomfwv cov cai tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev txhawb nqa txoj kev loj hlob no. Cov nyiaj them rau, cov nyiaj qiv qis, thiab cov kev tswj hwm tau ua haujlwm tau pab tsim cov cuab yeej cuab yeej xav tau rau cov e-rickshaws kom muaj zog, tshwj xeeb hauv Is Nrias teb.


Lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag e-rickshaw hauv nws hnub thaum ntxov?

Thaum pib, e-rickshaws ntsib ntau yam kev nyuaj hauv lawv txoj kev taug mus rau kev lees paub.

  • Qeeb kawg muag: Thawj qhov e-rickshaws tsis tau muag zoo. Cov neeg siv khoom tau tos txais lawv, feem ntau yog vim tsis muaj kev ntseeg txog lawv lub tswv yim thiab kev ntseeg tau.

  • Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb: Ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov tsav tsheb. Cov qauv qauv thaum ntxov tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus, uas tau ua rau kev sib tsoo thiab raug mob.

  • Tsis muaj kev tswj cov qauv coj ua: thaum pib, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm meej e-rickshaws. Cov neeg tsim tawm sab laug no thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj tsis paub.

  • Roj teeb lub neej thiab kev txij nkawm: E-rickshaws pib tawm tsam nrog roj teeb lub neej thiab muaj kev muaj peev xwm txhim khu kev qha. Roj teeb ua haujlwm tsis zoo feem ntau tau coj mus rau cov nqi ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab ntau zaus.

  • Cov teeb meem hauv cov teeb meem nyuaj: Qhov tsis muaj cov chaw them nyiaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov nroog tau muaj cov txheej txheem tsis txaus rau cov rov ua hluav taws xob e-rickshaws, txwv lawv cov sijhawm ua haujlwm txhua hnub thiab ncav cuag.

Dua li ntawm cov kev sib tw no, E-Rickshaw tau txais kev loj hlob hauv cov npe, kev kov yeej ntau thaum ntxov dhau los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tshiab.

Cov kev nce qib thev naus laus zis hauv e-rickshaws: li cas tus qauv tsim tau zoo dua lub sijhawm


Dab tsi yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv hluav taws xob rickshaws?

Tau ntau xyoo, e-rickshaws tau pom cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, txhim kho lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov neeg siv kev paub.

  • Cov roj teeb thev naus laus zis: E-rickshat siv coj-kua roj av, uas muaj lub neej luv luv thiab yuav tsum tau hloov cov nyiaj luv. Niaj hnub no, tshiab dua, cov roj teeb ua tau zoo, zoo li cov roj teeb lithium-ion, tau siv. Cov roj teeb no ntev dua, them sai dua, ua kom nrawm dua, ua kom muaj zog ntxiv rau cov tsav tsheb.

  • Lub cev muaj zog thev naus laus zis: kev txhim kho ntawm noob tsis muaj DC tau zoo dua qub ntawm e-rickshaws. Cov motors no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, muab cov zog zoo dua, thiab muaj cov kev saib xyuas qis dua piv rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm ib txwm muaj. Cov hloov mus rau cov neeg muaj lub zog txhuam tsis tau ua rau kev caij tsheb smoother thiab tsawg dua.

  • Txheej txheem kev txhim kho: E-Rickshaw tsim qauv kuj tau hloov zuj zus sijhawm. Cov neeg tsim khoom tam sim no tsom rau kev txhim kho kev ruaj khov, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev nplij siab. Lub chassis muaj zog dua, ua lub tsheb ntau resilient hnav thiab kua muag. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qauv tsim tam sim no ua ntej kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb zoo zoo li braking tshuab thiab txhim kho kev ncua rau kev caij smoother. Kev nplij siab kuj tau txhim kho, nrog cov chaw dav dav rau cov neeg caij tsheb thiab zaum zoo dua zaum.


Hnub ci-siv E-rickshaws: lub neej tom ntej ntawm kev muaj huv

Ib qho ntawm cov kev lom zem tshaj plaws hauv E-Rickshaw Technology yog kev koom ua ke ntawm cov hnub ci ci ntsa iab. Cov hluav taws xob-powered e-rickshaws them lawv cov roj teeb siv lub zog kev daws teeb meem, muab ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntau dua.

  • Yuav siv li cas hnub ci ntsa iab tau siv: hnub ci panels tuaj yeem them ncaj qha rau lub roj teeb lossis muab cov nyiaj pab ntxiv thaum nruab hnub. Qee cov qauv siv lub hnub ci ntsa iab, qhov chaw uas cov roj teeb tau ua nyias muaj nyias lub tsheb sib cais thaum xav tau.

  • Cov txiaj ntsig: lub ntsiab zoo ntawm lub hnub ci-siv E-rickshad yog tias lawv txo tau cov chaw nres tsheb sab nraud, uas tuaj yeem ua tau tsawg, tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog. Hnub ci panels kuj txo tus nqi ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv lub zog dawb los ntawm lub hnub, ua kom lub tsheb ntau dua hauv lub sijhawm ntev.

  • Cov kev cov nyom: Thaum hnub ci ntsa iab e-rickshad yog ib ruam dhau mus, tseem muaj qee qhov kev cov nyom. Hnub ci zog tsis muaj ib txwm muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hnub huab lossis hmo ntuj, uas tuaj yeem txwv lub tsheb ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi pib tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke lub hnub ci ci tuaj yeem yog siab dua cov qauv them ib txwm ua.

Dua li ntawm cov kev sib tw no, hnub ci-powered e-rickshaws muaj lub peev xwm los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv thaj chaw tshav ntuj.

Fais Rickshaw

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaws ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab zej zog


Cov hluav taws xob rickshaws ua rau kev lag luam hauv zos?

Fais rickshaws tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv cov teb chaws zoo li Is Nrias teb. Lawv muab cov neeg tsav tsheb rickshaw nrog cov khoom siv khov kho ntawm cov nyiaj tau los, muab ib qho kev pheej yig rau cov haujlwm ib txwm muaj.

  • Kev Liapeliders: E-Rickshaws tau pab tsis muaj neeg suav tsis txheeb tus neeg, tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg tau nyiaj tsawg, kom tau txais kev nyob. Cov nqi ua haujlwm tsawg thiab yooj yim ntawm cov tswv cuab ua rau nws xaiv tau ntau.

  • Kev Tsim Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm: Qhov nce ntawm e-rickshaws tau coj mus rau txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev kho khoom, thiab khoom xa khoom seem. Qhov no tau tsim cov nyhuv ripple, tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv zej zog thiab kev lag luam.

  • Cov tswv cuab pheej yig: E-rickshaws muaj nqis ntau dua li cov kev ua lag luam thaum ib txwm muaj rau cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj ntau dua. Qhov yooj yooj yim ntawm tus tswv kuj muaj cov tsav tsheb ntau tswj lawv cov sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj tau los.


Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaws

Fais rickshaws muab ib puag ncig tseem ceeb piv rau cov roj av ib txwm muaj roj. Lawv lub xub ntiag muaj nyob hauv cov nroog zoo li Delhi yog pab txhawb kom huab cua huv thiab txo cov pa phem ntau.

  • Txo cov pa phem: e-rickshaws emit tsis muaj teeb meem roj, tsis zoo li lawv cov roj hluav taws xob roj. Qhov kev txo qis hauv cov pa hluav taws xob ncaj qha pab saib xyuas cov pa phem rau hauv nroog, qhov teeb meem loj hauv cov chaw muaj coob.

  • Kev muab kev pab kom huab cua hloov pauv: raws li hluav taws xob tsheb, e-rickshaws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj khoom hauv ntiaj teb. Los ntawm kev siv lub zog txuas ntxiv, lawv pab txo cov hneev ntsuas cov pa hluav taws ntawm cov tshuab thauj hauv nroog.


Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob rickshad

Tshaj dhau kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab ib puag ncig cov txiaj ntsig, hluav taws xob rickshat kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lawv muab kev thauj mus los muaj peev xwm pheej yig ntau yam.

  • Txhawb kev sib luag ntawm kev sib luag: E-Rickshaws muaj cov pab neeg uas muaj nyiaj tsawg dua rau cov pab pawg neeg tau nyiaj tsawg, cov tub ntxhais kawm, ua rau muaj kev muaj peev xwm siv tau rau txhua tus. Qhov no pab choj qhov sib txawv rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj peev xwm them taus cov tsheb lossis thauj pej xeem.

  • Txhim kho lub xeem-mais kev sib txuas: Hauv cov nroog uas muaj kev thauj mus los muaj kev thauj mus los muaj kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus kawg. Lawv pab tib neeg txog cov chaw uas tsis yooj yim los ntawm cov tsheb npav lossis tsheb ciav hlau, txhim kho tag nrho kev thauj khoom.


Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm hluav taws xob rickshaw


Yav tom ntej lub neej tom ntej lub neej tom ntej yog li cas rau kev lag luam e-ricksaw?

Qhov kev lag luam e-rickshaw yuav tsum muaj kev loj hlob tseem ceeb hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv cov teb chaws zoo li Is Nrias teb, qhov twg qhov kev thov kom muaj kev thauj mus los yog nce.

  • Kev twv kev twv loj hlob: Hauv Is Nrias teb, tus naj npawb ntawm e-rickshaws yuav tsum tau ob npaug ntawm 2030, ntau lub sijhawm yuav txais cov kev ua qias tuaj thiab tsheb sib nraus.

  • Sustainable and Technologically Advanced Vehicles: The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) will continue, with advancements in battery technology and motor efficiency. Qhov no txhais tau tias E-Rickshaws yuav ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntau dua, raug nqi, thiab phooj ywg ib puag ncig.

  • Sib koom cov kev pabcuam e-rickshaw: nrog kev caij tsheb sib koom ua ke, peb yuav pom cov kev pabcuam e-rickshaw ntau hauv nroog loj. Qhov no yuav ua rau kev nkag tau yooj yim thiab muaj nqis ntawm e-rickshaws, ua rau lawv muaj kev thauj mus los.

  • Kev nthuav dav ntawm e-rickshaw cov nkoj: Raws li lub nroog muaj kev sib tw ua kom muaj cov kev pab ntau dua thiab muaj kuab lom coob heev Cov nkoj no yuav txhim kho kev sib txuas thiab muab kev hloov kho hauv eco-phooj ywg rau cov tsheb ntiav.


Yuav muaj cov cai tswjfwm li cas yuav cuam tshuam li cas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm e-rickshaws?

Tsoomfwv kev pab txhawb yuav tseem ceeb rau kev ua ntej ntawm e-rickshaws. Cov cai tswjfwm, kev txhawb zog, thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse kuj yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lawv cov kev coj ua kom dav.

  • Tsoomfwv cov kev txhawb zog thiab cov kev txhawb nqa: ntau lub tseem fwv tau muaj kev txhawb sij sim nyiaj txiag rau hluav taws xob cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov no suav nrog kev them nyiaj se, cov nyiaj pab them rov qab, thiab cov nyiaj qiv nyiaj tsawg, uas yuav pab ua kom e-rickshatable ntau tus nqi pheej yig dua.

  • Kev tswj cov moj khaum: tsoomfwv yuav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev sib tw, thiab kev sib tw ncaj ncees hauv e-rickshaw khw. Cov qauv no yuav txhawb kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev muab cov lus qhia meej rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab cov tswj hwm.

  • Kev tsim kho infrastructure: cov tsoom fwv yuav tsum tsom rau kev nthuav dav cov cuab yeej thiab siv roj teeb roj teeb kom lawv cov tsheb khiav. Qhov no yuav txo qis downtime thiab txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm cov tsheb.


Tag


Tus Fais Rickshaw , tsim los ntawm Sciay Kapoor, tau hloov chaw hauv nroog mus los nrog nws cov qauv siv eco. Los ntawm txo hwj chim pib, nws tau muaj cov muaj suab nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv cov tebchaws zoo li Is Nrias teb, muab cov kev xaiv kom muaj lwm yam rau cov tsheb qub.

E-Rickshaw Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txo cov pa phem thiab muab kev pheej yig yog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li thev naus laus zis kev nce qib, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev thauj khoom lag luam kom muaj kev loj hlob xwb.

Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev siv hluav taws xob hauv eco ntawm lub neej tom ntej ntawm kev mus ncig hauv nroog.


Cov Lus Nug


Q: Leej twg tsim hluav taws xob rickshaw?

A: hluav taws xob rickshaw yog pevay kapoor, tus kws kho tus qauv ntawm cov qauv ricksaw, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev daws teeb meem hauv eco-phooj ywg, pheej yig thauj thauj kev thauj khoom.

Q: Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob rickshad?

A: Fais rickshaws yog eco-friendly, muab txo cov kuab paug thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm tsawg. Lawv muaj kev thauj mus los pheej yig, txhim khu kev qha tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pab pawg tau nyiaj tsawg, thiab pab txo kev khiav tsheb hauv nroog loj hauv nroog.

Q: Txoj kev lag luam E-Rickshaw tau li cas hloov zuj zus dhau lub sijhawm?

A: Txoj kev lag luam e-ricksaw tau pom kev loj hlob sai, tshwj xeeb hauv Is Nrias teb, vim tsoomfwv kev txhawb nqa, thiab thev naus laus zis kev txhim kho. Cov lus qhia txog cov qauv hluav taws xob hnub ci thiab sib qhia E-Rickshaw cov kev pab cuam pom lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab.


Xov Xwm Tseeb

Cov npe lus muaj

Peb muaj cov npe sib txawv thiab cov kev pabcuam kev tshaj lij & pab pawg muag khoom los teb pab koj qhov kev thov nrawm.
Tus thawj coj ntawm ntiaj teb lub teeb ib puag ncig-phooj ywg thauj khoom lag luam
Tso lus cia
Xa cov lus rau peb

Koom nrog peb cov neeg faib khoom thoob ntiaj teb

Cov kev txuas ceev

Khoom qeb

Tiv Tauj Peb

Neeg  xov tooj: +86 - 19951832890
At  Tel: + 86-400-600-8686
 E-mail: Kev muag khoom ijinpobal.com
 Ntxiv: Xuzhou Avenue, Xuzhou Industrial Park, Jiawang District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Xeev
Copyright © 2023 Jiangsu Jinpeng Group Co., Ltd. Qoob loo. | Kws txav chaw Sitemap | Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Ntiag Tug | Txhawb nqa los ntawm Leadong.com  ICP 苏 2023029413 号 -1