Izimoto zikagesi ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yemvelo yazo eco-friendly kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi basenemibuzo mayelana nezidingo zokulungisa lezi zimoto. Umbuzo owodwa ojwayelekile ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zidinga izinguquko zamafutha njengezabo zophethiloli. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehlela esihlokweni soshintsho lwamafutha ezimotweni zikagesi futhi sihlole izidingo ezihlukile zokulungiswa kwalezi zimoto.
Ukuqonda Izinjini Zemoto Kagesi
Izimoto zikagesi ziye zathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, abantu abaningi bakhetha enye indlela enobungani futhi ebibiza kakhulu ezimotweni ezinamandla kaphethiloli. Enye yezakhi ezisemqoka ezenza izimoto zikagesi zihlukile izinjini zazo. Ngokungafani nezinjini zangaphakathi zokuhlanza ezitholakala ezimotweni ezijwayelekile, izinjini zemoto kagesi zisebenza ngomgomo ohlukile ngokuphelele.
Izimoto zikagesi ezinesivinini esikhulu, ikakhulukazi, zifakwe ama-motor advanced Electric avumele ukuletha ukushesha okuhlaba umxhwele kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Lawa ma-motors anikwa amandla ngamandla kagesi agcinwe kumabhethri anamandla aphezulu, atholakala ngaphansi phansi kwephakethe lemoto. Amabhethri anikeza amandla adingekayo ukushayela imoto kagesi, ezungeza imoto phambili kalula.
Enye yezinzuzo zezinjini zezimoto zikagesi ziwukulula kwazo. Ngokungafani nezinjini zendabuko ezinamakhulu ezingxenye ezinyakazayo, ama-motors kagesi anezakhi ezimbalwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuhumushela ekuthembekeni okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokulungiswa okuphansi zabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-motor kagesi asebenza kahle ngokwemvelo ukwedlula umlingani wawo wokuhlanganisa, njengoba aguqula amaphesenti aphezulu wamandla agcinwe abe yisikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusebenza kunganciphisi nje ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kepha futhi kunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa, okwenza izimoto zikagesi zibe inketho yokuhamba eluhlaza.
Enye into ebalulekile yezinjini zemoto kagesi iyavuselela kabusha. Lobuchwepheshe obusha buvumela imoto kagesi ukuthi isebenze njengejeneli lapho umshayeli esebenzisa amabhuleki. Esikhundleni sokuqeda amandla e-kinetic njengokushisa, njengasezinhlelweni zendabuko zendabuko, ukubopha kabusha okuvuselelwa kabusha kuguqula kubuyisele amandla kagesi futhi kugcina ebhethri. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukunweba uhla lwemoto kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukugqoka emaphepheni amabhuleki, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezihlala njalo.
Ngokuya ngokusebenza, izimoto ezisheshayo zikagesi zikwazi ukusheshisa okuhlaba umxhwele ngenxa yethravu esheshayo enikezwe yi-Electric Motors. Ngokungafani nezinjini zokuhlangana zangaphakathi, ezidinga isikhathi sokufinyelela i-torque yazo, ukuhamba kukagesi ukuletha i-torque ephezulu kusukela lapho umshayeli ecindezela umdlavuza we-accelerator pedal. Lokhu kunikelwa kwamandla okusheshayo kuhumushela kokuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo kokushayela, okuvumela abathanda izimoto zikagesi ukuba bajabulele ukushesha okusheshayo nokuphathwa okuphendulayo.
Izidingo zokulungiswa kwezimoto zikagesi
Izimoto zikagesi ziba ngukuzikhethela othandwayo othandwayo wabantu abantu abakwaziyo kwemvelo nalabo abafuna ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo. Njengoba abantu abaningi benza ukushintshela ezimotweni zikagesi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zokulungisa eza nazo.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele ucatshangelwe uma kukhulunywa ngokugcina imoto kagesi ibhethri. Ngokungafani nezimoto zendabuko ezincike kuphethiloli, izimoto zikagesi zinikwa amandla amabhethri amakhulu ama-lithium-ion. Lawa mabhethri adinga ukulungiswa okujwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela yomenzi yokushaja kanye nokukhipha ibhethri ukuvikela ukulimala futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sayo sokuphila.
Enye imfuneko yesondlo yezimoto zikagesi igcina uhlelo olupholile lusesimweni esihle. Ibhethri nezinye izingxenye zemoto kagesi zikhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenza kahle lubalulekile ukuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukubheka njalo amazinga apholile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okufanele kubalulekile ukugwema noma yiziphi izingqinamba ezingaba khona.
Ukulungiswa kweTire kungenye into ebalulekile yokuba nemoto kagesi. Izimoto zikagesi zaziwa ngokusheshisa kwazo okusheshayo ne-torque ephezulu, engabeka ubunzima olwengeziwe emathangeni. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukucindezela kwethayi, ujikeleze amathayi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi aqondaniswe kahle. Lokhu ngeke kuthuthukise ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemoto kodwa futhi kwandise impilo yamathayi.
Ngokungeziwe kulezi zidingo ezithile zokulungiswa, izimoto zikagesi nazo zabelana ngokufana okufanayo ngezimoto zendabuko. Ukuhlola njalo nokufaka esikhundleni izihlungi, njengokuhlunga komoya nokuhlunga kwekhabethe, kubalulekile ukugcina ikhwalithi yomoya enhle ngaphakathi emotweni. Ukuhambisana nezinguquko ze-oyela ejwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-brake kuyadingeka futhi ngempilo ephelele nokusebenza kwemoto.
Isihlokwana esiyingqayizivele 1: Indima yokugcotshwa kwezimoto zikagesi
Emhlabeni ophakade ovela ubuchwepheshe bezimoto, izimoto zikagesi zivele njengomguquki womdlalo. Lezi zimoto, zinikwe amandla ngogesi, zithole ukuthandwa ngenxa yemvelo yazo enobungane nemvelo yazo kanye nokwenza ngcono uphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, kunesici esibalulekile esidlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezimoto zikagesi - izithambisi.
Izinto zokugcoba ziyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ezinyakazayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukugqokwa nokudabuka. Endabeni yezimoto zikagesi, zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle. Izimoto zikagesi, izimoto ezihamba ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu, zincike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana nama-motors, ama-bearings, nama-gearges asebenza ngomthungo. Izithambisi zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okubalulekile kulezi zinto, zibavumela ukuba zisebenze emazingeni okusebenza okuphezulu.
Isici esisodwa sokuqala lapho ama-lubwifu abonisa ukuthi abaluleke kakhulu emotweni kagesi. Lawa ma-motors yinhliziyo yezimoto zikagesi, aguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini. Ukuzuza ukusebenza okusheshayo, imoto kagesi isebenza ngejubane eliphakeme lokujikeleza okuphezulu. Ama-lubrantant ahlelwe ngqo ama-motors kagesi adlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukungezwani nokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ukusebenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lubricants nawo anikela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngokunciphisa ukuxabana, baqinisekisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqula, okuholela empilweni yebhethri ethuthukisiwe nebanga elikhuphukayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezinejubane eliphezulu, lapho zonke izindaba zokonga amandla ukuze zifinyelele ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwemoto kagesi, ama-lubricants nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezinye izinto ezimotweni zikagesi. Isibonelo, ngokwesibonelo, dinga ukuthambisa okusebenzayo ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kuqinisekiswe ukujikeleza okubushelelezi. Ngokufanayo, amabhokisi egiya, yize evame kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, adinga izithako zokuthambisa ukuvikela ukugqoka ngokweqile nokugcina ukusebenza kahle.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukukhethwa kwesithambisi esifanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezimoto zikagesi. Ukuthambisa ngokuzithambisa okuphezulu okushisayo kanye nokubonakala okuphansi kukhethwa ukumelana nezimo eziphakeme nezinga lokushisa okutholwa yilezi zimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithambisi ze-eco-ezinobungane zithola ukuthandwa, ukuhambisana nemvelo eyazi izimoto zikagesi.
I-Subhead ehlukile 2: Umehluko wesondlo phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nezephethiloli
Izimoto zikagesi zithole ukuthandwa okubalulekile eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo eziningi, kufaka phakathi umnikelo wazo wokunciphisa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko zawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokulungiswa, izimoto zikagesi ziyehluka kubalingani babo abanamandla kaphethiloli. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhluka kwesondlo kubalulekile ukuthi abanikazi baqinisekise ukusebenza okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezimoto zabo.
Enye yamahluko okuyisisekelo phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nephethiloli zilele e-PowerTrain yazo. Izimoto zikagesi zinikwa amandla amabhethri anamandla aphezulu, kanti izimoto zikaphethiloli zithembela ezinjini zokuhlangana zangaphakathi. Lo mehluko oyisisekelo uthinta izidingo zokulungiswa kwezinhlobo zezimoto zombili. Emotweni kagesi, iphakethe lebhethri liyingxenye ebalulekile edinga ukugadwa futhi igcinwe. Kunconywa ukulandela imihlahlandlela yomenzi yokulungiswa kwebhethri, okungafaka ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi ezithile, izibuyekezo zesoftware, kanye nesimo sebhethri.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokulungiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ukushaja ingqalasizinda. Ngokungafani nezimoto zikaphethiloli ezingavuselelwa kunoma yisiphi isiteshi segesi, izimoto zikagesi zidinga ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja. Abanikazi badinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banokufinyelela okulula kwamaphoyinti wokushaja, kungaba sekhaya noma ngenethiwekhi yeziteshi zokushaja komphakathi. Ukuhlola njalo izintambo zokushaja nezixhumi zanoma yikuphi ukulimala noma ukugqokwa nakho kubalulekile ukuvikela noma yiziphi izingqinamba ezingaba khona zokushaja.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zikagesi zinezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zikaphethiloli, okuholela ekunciphiseni izidingo zokulungisa. Le nzuzo ingenxa yokungabikho kwenjini yokuhlanganisa yangaphakathi enezinto eziningi ezihambayo. Ngezingxenye ezimbalwa ukuze ulondoloze, izimoto zikagesi ngokuvamile zidinga ukusebenziseka kancane futhi zinamathuba aphansi okuhluleka kwemishini.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zisadinga ukulungiswa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuhle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhekwa okujwayelekile kohlelo lwe-braking, amathayi, kanye nezinto zokumiswa. Ngokwengeziwe, ukugcina amasistimu wokupholisa wemoto kagesi nokushisa esimweni esihle kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ukulandela uhlelo lokulondolozwa kokulungisa umenzi womenzi kubalulekile ukukhomba noma yiziphi izingqinamba ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Ukugcina
Izinjini zemoto kagesi zinikezela ngokulula, ukusebenza kahle, ukubopha kabusha, nokusebenza okuhlaba umxhwele. Njengoba intuthumo yenziwa kubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi, singalindela izici ezintsha kakhulu futhi zithuthukisiwe ukusebenza. Ukulungiswa kwebhethri okufanele, ukugcinwa kwebhethri, ukunakekelwa kwethayi, kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile kwabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukugcina izimoto zabo zigijima kahle. Ama-lubrics adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezimoto zikagesi, ikakhulukazi ezinejubane eliphezulu. Lezi zimoto zithembela kakhulu ekuthathweni kwamafutha okuthambisa ukunciphisa ukungezwani, ukunciphisa ukugqoka, futhi kwabe ngcono ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Ukugcina izimoto zikagesi kuyahluka kakhulu ezimotweni zikaphethiloli, ngokulungiswa kwebhethri okujwayelekile kanye nokufinyelela kwingqalasizinda yokushaja kuyadingeka ezimotweni zikagesi. Ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zokulungiswa kwezimoto zikagesi eziphakeme zibalulekile kwabanikazi.
