Abashinzwe amato y’i Burayi bahura n’igitutu kinini cyibikorwa muri iki gihe. Ahantu hohereza imyuka mike (LEZs) yaguka byihuse mumijyi minini minini. Hagati aho, ibinyabiziga bya mazutu gakondo bitwara amafaranga menshi cyane buri mwaka. Ukeneye ubundi buryo burambye burigihe. Kwimukira kuri micro-mobile byerekana ikibazo cyihariye, cyingutu. Ugomba kuringaniza witonze ubushobozi bwo kwishyurwa burenze ibipimo byuburayi byemewe n'amategeko. Kugendera kuri aya mategeko yo mukarere akenshi bitiranya nabakozi bafite uburambe. Guhitamo nabi biganisha ku binyabiziga bihagaze. Iyi ngingo itanga uburyo bufatika, bushingiye kubimenyetso byubucuruzi bwawe. Uzamenya uburyo bwo gusuzuma no gutoranya ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi byujuje ubuziranenge. Turibanda ku guhuza tekiniki zisobanurwa nukuri kwisi yoherejwe. Mugusobanukirwa imipaka itajenjetse, urashobora gupima ibikorwa wizeye. Turerekana neza ibyuma biranga ibyuma byemeza umujyi byemewe n'amategeko no kwizerwa burimunsi Gutanga imizigo i Burayi.

Ibyingenzi

• Kubahiriza ni byo by'ingenzi: Gukora nta cyemezo gikwiye cya EEC (mu byiciro bya L2e cyangwa L5e) bishobora guteza impanuka z’amato, gutesha agaciro ubwishingizi bw’ubucuruzi, kandi bikabuza kugera mu mijyi yo mu Burayi.

• Kwishyura gutegeka igishushanyo: Guhitamo hagati yimbere-yimbere-yinyuma-yimodoka itwara imizigo igomba guhuza nubunini bwihariye nuburemere bwibisabwa.

• Umuderevu mbere yo gupima: Gupima gahunda yicyitegererezo ifasha kwerekana ingaruka ziterwa nukuri kwisi nko kwambara cobblestone vibration kwambara no kwangirika kwa bateri.

Impamvu Icyemezo cya EEC kidashobora kuganirwaho mugutanga imizigo yu Burayi

Kugura ibicuruzwa bitatu byicuruzwa bisaba kubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko yakarere. Ibisabwa shingiro ni EEC Ubwoko bwibinyabiziga byemewe. Ihame ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ryemeza umutekano n’imikorere. Yemeza ko ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi byujuje ibyangombwa bikomeye byo gukora mbere yo kwinjira mumihanda nyabagendwa. Hatariho iki cyemezo, ukora muburyo butemewe.

Kwirengagiza ibi bintu bifatika bigenga ingaruka zikomeye zemewe n'amategeko. Kohereza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga akenshi bitera ibihano bikomeye byamafaranga. Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze basanzwe bafata ibice bitangwa bitemewe mugihe cyo kugenzura umuhanda. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibinyabiziga bitemewe bihita bitesha agaciro ubwishingizi bwamato yubucuruzi. Mugihe habaye impanuka yumuhanda, ubucuruzi bwawe buhura nuburyozwe butagira imipaka. Ntushobora kwigurira iyi mvugo.

Ugomba kumva neza ibyiciro byimodoka. Amagare asanzwe ya e-gare munsi yicyiciro cya pedelec. Mubisanzwe basaba ubufasha kuri 25 km / h. Ntibakunze gusaba impushya zo gutwara. Nyamara, ingendo ndende zubucuruzi zigwa munsi yuburayi L-Category. Kurugero, urutonde rwa L2e-U rwerekana ibiziga bitatu byubucuruzi. Icyiciro cya L5e gikubiyemo amapikipiki aremereye arenga 45 km / h. Abakora amato bagomba kugenzura amategeko yimpushya zaho. Mu masoko menshi y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, gutwara imodoka ya L2e cyangwa L5e bisaba uruhushya rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga AM cyangwa B. Turagira inama yo gushushanya izo mbogamizi mbere yo guha akazi abatwara.

Icyemezo gikwiye kandi cyemeza ko umujyi uhoraho. Imijyi nka Paris, London, na Amsterdam ikomeje gukaza umurego muke. Imodoka ya Diesel irahagarikwa byanze bikunze. Ukoresheje an Imodoka igendanwa ya EEC , wowe-uzaza-amato yawe. Ibice byemewe bya zeru-byoroheje byorohereza imisoro yo mumijyi. Bagenda mumihanda migufi yamateka byemewe n'amategeko. Barenga ku mategeko agenga ibinyabiziga bitagoranye.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma: Guhuza Ibiranga Gutanga Ibisubizo

Ubushobozi bwo Kwishura nubunini bwa Volumetric

Abaguzi ba Fleet bakunze kwitiranya imipaka yuburemere nubushobozi bwa volumetric. Ugomba gusuzuma ibipimo byombi wigenga. Ubushobozi bwo kwishura bupima uburemere bwibiro mu kilo. Umwanya wa volumetric utegeka litiro zose zicyumba cyumuzigo. Urugendo rushobora gutwara ibiro 250 ariko rugatanga agasanduku gato k'imizigo. Ibinyuranye, agasanduku kanini gashobora kwicara kuri chassis idakomeye.

Logic yawe yo gutondeka biterwa ahanini nubucucike bwimizigo. Ibicuruzwa byinshi cyane birimo ibinyobwa, ibikoresho byuma, nibikoresho fatizo. Ibi bikorwa bisaba uburemere-bukomeye bushimangirwa na chassis. Barasaba uburyo bukomeye bwo guhagarika. Ibicuruzwa bito cyane birimo amakarito asanzwe yikarito, ibikoresho byo kurya, nibicuruzwa bitetse. Izi nzira zisaba ubunini bwagasanduku. Ukeneye ibisanduku birebire, bigari. Suzuma impuzandengo yawe ya buri munsi igaragara. Gura imbaraga za chassis kumazi. Gura agasanduku k'ubunini bw'imbuto y'ibirayi.

Moteri ya Torque na Drivetrain Yizewe

Ababikora bakunze kwamamaza wattage ya moteri. Nyamara, wattage mbisi ikora nkibipimo byo kuyobya uburari. Ugomba kwibanda kuri torque, yapimwe muri metero ya Newton (Nm). Torque yerekana imbaraga zifatika zikoreshwa kumuziga. Ukeneye urumuri rwinshi kugirango wimure imitwaro iremereye ihagaze. Inzira zo gutanga zisaba guhagarara no gutangira. Kugenda muburyo bwiburayi bisaba imbaraga zikomeye zo gukurura. Turasaba gushakisha moteri zitanga byibura 80 kugeza 100 Nm ya tque.

Ubukanishi bwa Drivetrain bugira ingaruka zikomeye kubwizerwa bwa buri munsi. Abaguzi bagomba guhitamo hagati ya moteri yo hagati na moteri ya hub. Moteri yo hagati yicaye hafi ya pedal. Bakoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha ibinyabiziga neza. Zitanga ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka imisozi no gukwirakwiza ibiro neza. Moteri ya Hub yicaye imbere yibiziga. Batanga ubukanishi bworoshye ariko barwanira imitwaro iremereye. Umunyamwuga imizigo yamashanyarazi muri rusange yunguka sisitemu ikomeye yo hagati. Iyi mikorere igabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga no kunoza imikorere.

Ubwubatsi bwa Batteri hamwe nukuri

Ugomba gukemura itandukaniro riri hagati yavuzwe nurwego nyarwo. Ikigereranyo cya laboratoire ntigereranya gake kugaragara kumuhanda. Uruganda rushobora gusaba ibirometero 100. Ukuri akenshi kuvuga inkuru itandukanye. Ugomba kubara uburemere ntarengwa bwo kwishyurwa. Ugomba gushira mubikorwa guhagarara kenshi no kugenda. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe kugabanya cyane imikorere ya bateri.

Shift ikomeza ishingiye kububiko bwa bateri yubwenge. Abashinzwe amato bagomba gusuzuma amacomeka yishyurwa kuri sisitemu ya bateri ishobora guhinduka. Gucomeka-moderi bisaba amasaha yo kumanura. Bahatira imodoka kumuhanda. Sisitemu ya bateri isimburwa yemerera ibikorwa bikomeza. Umukinnyi uhinduranya bateri yatakaye kubice bishya mumasegonda. Kubikoresho byinshi cyane, ibikoresho byahinduwe byerekana ko ari ngombwa.

• Ubukonje bukonje Sag: Litiyumu-ion selile itakaza ubushobozi munsi yubukonje. Tegereza kugabanuka kugera kuri 30% mugihe cyimvura yuburayi.

• Topografiya Yishyurwa: Gukomeza kuzamuka bikomeza bateri byihuta cyane kurenza ubutaka.

• Ibihano byo Kwishura: Kwiruka buri gihe kurenza urugero ntarengwa bisaba ingufu nyinshi kuri kilometero.

Ingaruka zo Gushyira mu bikorwa: Ibyo Guteganya Mbere yo Kuzamuka

Gutangiza neza amato mato mato bisaba ubushishozi bukomeye. Ntushobora kugura ibinyabiziga no gutanga urufunguzo. Ingaruka zitandukanye zishyirwa mubikorwa zibangamira kurera hakiri kare. Ugomba gushushanya imbogamizi y'ibikorwa remezo mbere yo gutumiza ibice. Amato yubucuruzi arasaba guhagarara neza nijoro. Amagare manini arasaba umwanya munini. Ntibikwiye imbere mumagare asanzwe.

Kwishyuza depot ibisabwa nabyo bitera inzitizi ikomeye. Batteri zubucuruzi zikurura amashanyarazi akomeye. Ugomba kugenzura ubushobozi bwa depot ya gride. Kwishyuza ibinyabiziga makumyabiri icyarimwe birashobora kurenga imashanyarazi ishaje. Urashobora gukenera ibicuruzwa byihariye byo kwishyuza. Buri gihe ujye ubaza amashanyarazi yemewe mbere yo kurangiza ubukode bwa depot.

Kugenda kwa Rider bizana indi mpinduka ikomeye. Yuzuye ibiziga bitatu byuzuye bitandukanye nigare risanzwe. Hagati ya rukuruzi ihindagurika cyane ishingiye ku kwishyurwa. Inguni zihamye zihinduka ikibazo cyibanze cyumutekano. Abatwara ibinyabiziga ntibashobora guhinduka muburyo busanzwe. Intera yo gufata feri yiyongera cyane mugihe utwaye ibiro 200. Ugomba gushyira mubikorwa protocole ya rider iteganijwe. Ntukemere abakozi badahuguwe mumihanda ihuze. Amahugurwa akwiye arinda kuzunguruka no kongera igihe cyimodoka.

Umutekano w'imizigo utegeka gutsinda mu mijyi. Abamanuka gutura bisaba abatwara ubutumwa kugirango basige ibinyabiziga batabitegereje. Ubujura bwa Opportunistic bwibasiye imigi minini. Ugomba gushyira imbere ibicuruzwa bitekanye. Saba ibigo bitarinda ikirere. Ibifuniko by'imyenda birananirana vuba kandi bitanga uburinzi bwa zeru. Saba uburyo bwa elegitoronike gufunga agasanduku k'imizigo. Shakisha sisitemu ikoresha fobs ya RFID cyangwa slam-lock. A. trikipiki yemewe yamashanyarazi igomba kurinda uwagenderaho hamwe nudupaki twabakiriya nta nkomyi.

Urutonde rugufi: Uburyo bwo Gufata Icyemezo Cyanyuma

Guhitamo ikinyabiziga cyiza bisaba uburyo bwubatswe. Irinde kugura byimazeyo ukurikije ubwiza bw'amashusho. Kurikiza uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko. Uru rwego rwemeza ko ubona umutungo ukora, wemewe n'amategeko.

1. Intambwe ya 1: Sobanura ikibazo cyo gukoresha. Shyira mubikorwa ibyo ukeneye gukora. Igikorwa gikonjesha gikonje gikenera udusanduku twinshi hamwe nimbaraga zifasha. Serivisi ya kilometero yanyuma isaba umwanya munini wa volumetric. Ibikoresho byo mu kigo birashobora gukenera gusa igishushanyo mbonera. Banza usobanure neza ubutumwa bwa buri munsi.

2. Intambwe ya 2: Kugenzura iyubahirizwa. Ntuzigere usubiramo ibisobanuro bya tekiniki mbere yo kwemeza ko umuhanda wemewe. Saba umucuruzi EEC Icyemezo cyo guhuza (CoC) imbere. Kugenzura inyandiko ihuye na moderi yihariye ya chassis. Niba utanga isoko yanze gutanga ibyangombwa, genda uhite. Nukuri Amashanyarazi ya EEC yamashanyarazi buri gihe atwara impapuro zemeza.

3. Intambwe ya 3: Icyiciro cya Pilote. Ntugakoreshe amato atapimwe. Mugire inama yo gukora gahunda yiminsi 30 yicyitegererezo. Kugura cyangwa gukodesha igice kimwe kugeza kubiri. Gerageza bateri-nyayo itwara inzira zawe. Kusanya ibitekerezo bitaziguye kubagenzi bawe kubijyanye na ergonomique no gukora. Kurikirana neza uburinganire bwimiterere. Ibibanza byumuhanda waho, cyane cyane amabuye yamateka, byerekana intege nke za chassis. Ikigeragezo cyindege kigaragaza inenge mbere yuko ukora igishoro gikomeye.

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo ibinyabiziga bikwiye byo kugurisha byerekana intambwe yingenzi. Ugomba kuringaniza byimazeyo kubahiriza amategeko, umutekano wumukoresha, hamwe nibikorwa bifatika. Tangira usobanura neza imizigo yawe ikeneye kubyerekeranye n'uburemere n'ubunini. Ntuzigere utandukira ibyemezo byuburayi bikwiye. Icyiciro cya L kirinda ubucuruzi bwawe guhonyora imyenda n'amande.

Gukata inguni kubyemezo byangiza ibikorwa byawe. Kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biganisha ku mato ashingiye kuri politiki y’ubwishingizi. Shyira imbere inkunga yibanze, moteri ikomeye ya moteri, hamwe nubwubatsi bwa batiri. Igeragezwa ryisi yose iracyari uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda amakosa yamasoko. Turashishikariza cyane abashinzwe kuyobora kugenzura amakuru yinzira zubu. Saba urutonde rukomeye rwubahirizwa cyangwa utegure ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bitangwa na B2B. Fata intambwe igenzurwa, ibarwa igana ibikoresho birambye mumijyi uyumunsi.

Ibibazo

Ikibazo: Bigenda bite iyo ingendo yimizigo yamashanyarazi itemewe na EEC?

Igisubizo: Gukoresha ibinyabiziga bitemewe bikugaragariza imyenda ikabije. Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze barashobora gufunga amategeko yawe mugihe cyo kugenzura bisanzwe. Amapikipiki atatu atabura afite ubwishingizi bwubucuruzi bwemewe. Niba umukoresha wawe ateza impanuka, isosiyete yawe ifite inshingano zamafaranga. Buri gihe usabe Icyemezo cyemewe cyimpapuro.

Ikibazo: Abatwara ibinyabiziga bakeneye uruhushya rwo gutwara kugirango bakore imodoka ya EEC?

Igisubizo: Biterwa ahanini nimodoka ya EEC itondekanya namategeko yigihugu. Ubusanzwe 25 km / h pedelecs mubisanzwe nta ruhushya. Nyamara, icyiciro cya L2e (45 km / h ntarengwa) gitegeka uruhushya rwibanze rwa AM cyangwa B. Buri gihe ugenzure ibisabwa bya komini mbere yo gutanga ubutumwa.

Ikibazo: Ni gute ikirere cy’iburayi kigira ingaruka ku ntera y’amashanyarazi?

Igisubizo: Ubukonje butera kwangirika kwa bateri. Litiyumu-ion ingirabuzimafatizo zifite imbaraga za voltage mu bushyuhe bukonje. Ugomba gutegereza kugabanuka kwa 20% kugeza 30% mugihe cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga mugihe cyitumba. Turagira inama cyane yo gukoresha ububiko bwa bateri bushobora kugurishwa kugirango dukomeze guhinduranya mugihe cyamezi akonje.

Ikibazo: Ese ibiziga bitatu biruta bibiri byo gutanga imizigo?

Igisubizo: Amapikipiki atanga ubushobozi bwo kwishyurwa burenze hamwe no gutuza ntagereranywa kuruhuka. Bemerera abatwara imizigo gupakurura no gupakurura nta kuringaniza imodoka. Mugihe ibiziga bibiri bitanga ubworoherane ahantu hafunganye, ibiziga bitatu bikomeza kuba ingenzi kubicuruzwa biremereye, binini cyane.