Imodoka y'amashanyarazi ziracyakeneye amavuta?

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zarushijeho gukundwa mumyaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kwita ku bidukikije bitwara impinduka mu buryo burambye bwo gutwara abantu. Mugihe dushakisha ubwihindurize bwimodoka zamashanyarazi nibigize bigize gukora neza, havutse ikibazo kimwe - gukora amamodoka mashanyarazi aracyakeneye amavuta? Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasenya ejo hazaza h'imodoka z'amashanyarazi n'imibanire yabo n'amavuta, muganire ku ngaruka z'inganda z'imodoka n'ibidukikije. Twifatanye natwe mugihe duhishuye ukuri inyuma yibikenewe byamavuta mwisi yimodoka z'amashanyarazi nicyo isobanura ejo hazaza h'imodoka.

Ubwihindurize bw'imodoka z'amashanyarazi

Imodoka yamashanyarazi zaje inzira ndende kuva zacamo, hamwe nubuhindurize bwubukora ikoranabuhanga bukomeza gusunika imipaka yibishoboka. Kuva mu ntangiriro zabo zoroheje nk'imodoka zabaye ubu ziba guhitamo ibidukikije ku baguzi b'ibidukikije, imodoka z'amashanyarazi zabonye iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye n'imikorere, intera, no kugerwaho.

Imwe mu mbaraga z'ingenzi zitera inyuma y'ubwihindurize bw'imodoka z'amashanyarazi ni uguhura n'ibidukikije bigenda biharanira ibidukikije ndetse no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya carbon. Nkuko ibinyabiziga gakondo gakondo byakomeje gutanga umusanzu mu mwobo ikirere n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, guhindura imodoka z'amashanyarazi byahindutse ingenzi kuruta mbere hose. Hamwe n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri no kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo, uburere bw'amashanyarazi ubu bitanga ubundi buryo bufatika, hamwe nakazi kenshi cyane bashora imari mu iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.

Inyungu z'imodoka z'amashanyarazi zirasobanutse - zitanga ikirere cya zeru kirimo zeru, kugabanya umwanda wo mu kirere no kunoza ikirere mu mijyi. Byongeye kandi, imodoka zamashanyarazi ni ingufu-zikora neza kurusha bagenzi babo, zifasha kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge muri rusange. Hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, Imodoka zakagari ubu zitanga inshuro ndende nibihe byihuta byo kwishyuza, bikaba bituma bahitamo neza gukoreshwa burimunsi.

Ibice by'imodoka z'amashanyarazi

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zihindura inganda zimodoka zifite tekinoroji yabo nubushakashatsi bwa interineti. Izi modoka zingirakamaro na moteri yamashanyarazi aho kuba moteri gakondo ya lisansi, bigatuma ibanziriza ibidukikije kandi ikora neza.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize imodoka z'amashanyarazi ni ipaki ya bateri, amashanyarazi agenga imodoka. Aya mapaki ya batiri asanzwe agizwe na selile ya lithium-on ishobora guswera binyuze mucyambu cyo kwishyuza. Ingano nubushobozi bwibipaki bya batiri biratandukanye bitewe nicyitegererezo cyimodoka y'amashanyarazi, hamwe na paki nini zitanga igihangange.

Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyimodoka z'amashanyarazi ni moteri y'amashanyarazi, ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva kuri bateri mu mbaraga zo muri Mechaical kugirango zitware ibiziga. Amashanyarazi azwiho imikorere yabo na Torque ako kanya, atanga uburambe bworoshye kandi butuje.

Usibye ipaki ya bateri hamwe na moteri ya bateri, imodoka zamashanyarazi nazo zifite inverter, zihindura ikibanza gitaziguye (DC) ziva kuri bateri ziva muri bateri (ac) kubufatanye. Ibi bigize ni ngombwa kugirango imikorere myiza yumuhanda wamashanyarazi.

Ejo hazaza h'imodoka n'amavuta

Ejo hazaza h'imodoka namavuta ari ingingo yamaze kwitabwaho cyane mumyaka yashize. Hamwe no guhangayikishwa n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bihangano by'ibinyabuzima, imodoka z'amashanyarazi zagaragaye nk'ibinyabiziga gakondo gakondo.

Imodoka zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa namashanyarazi ibitswe muri bateri, zishobora kwishyurwa murugo cyangwa mugushyuza sitasiyo. Ibi bivuze ko batanga ibyuka bya zeru mugihe utwaye, bigatuma isuku cyane kubidukikije ugereranije nimodoka gakondo zikora kuri lisansi. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kunoza, imodoka z'amashanyarazi zigenda zirushaho kuba zigenda kandi zishobora kugera kuri rubanda, biganisha ku kwiyongera kwabo.

Ku rundi ruhande, inganda za peteroli zihura n'ibibazo nk'isi ihindura ku bizambaza. Hamwe no gusohora ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, hateganijwe ko peteroli igabanuka mu myaka iri imbere. Iyi myitozo ihatira ibigo bya peteroli kugirango ibone imideli yabo yubucuruzi kandi ishora imari mu mbaraga zishobora kongerwa gukomeza guhatanira isoko.

Umwanzuro

Ingingo ivuga ku buryo bukenewe bwo kwiyongera Imodoka zamashanyarazi hamwe nigihe kizaza cyiza inganda zamashanyarazi. Hamwe no kongera ishoramari mu ikoranagurika na guverinoma, guhinduranya ku murongo w'amashanyarazi biteganijwe ko uzihuta. Imodoka yamashanyarazi itanga uburyo burambye kandi bushya bwo gutwara abantu, kuvugurura inganda zimodoka no guhatira inzira yo gukora isuku, ibidukikije. Mugihe tekinoroji yiterambere, amashanyarazi aragenda arushaho gufungurwa kandi agera kubidukikije. Ejo hazaza h'imodoka n'amavuta bifitanye isano nintego yo kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone no kwimura kuri sisitemu irambye yo gutwara abantu. Kuzamuka kw'imodoka z'amashanyarazi bisobanura kugabanuka kwishingikiriza kuri peteroli no guhinduranya ku masoko y'ingufu zisukuye, byerekana ko ejo hazaza h'itunganijwe ari amashanyarazi. Inganda za peteroli zizakenera kumenyera izi mpinduka kugirango zibeho mugihe kirekire.