Inzibacyuho kuva mumodoka gakondo cyangwa gare ya golf isanzwe kuri a imodoka yihuta yamashanyarazi isaba guhindura uburyo usuzuma ibinyabiziga. Ntushobora kongera kwishingikiriza gusa kubipimo bimenyerewe nkimbaraga zamafarashi cyangwa impanuka zo mumuhanda. Ahubwo, abaguzi bagomba kureba neza ibyuma byabugenewe hamwe n’amategeko yo kubahiriza abaturanyi.

Akenshi, hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yubwiza bwubwiza nukuri kubikorwa. Ikinyabiziga kigenzuwe nabi kirashobora gukurura ibibazo byubahiriza amategeko, kubuza inzira inzira, cyangwa gutsindwa kwa bateri imburagihe. Kugura icyitegererezo kitari cyo bisobanura guhangayikishwa na buri munsi. Urashobora gusanga imodoka yawe nshya-ibujijwe mumihanda yaho.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, turatanga urwego rukomeye, rwabacuruzi batabogamye. Uzamenya uburyo bwo gusuzuma neza amategeko yemewe kumuhanda, gusesengura ibintu byingenzi bya tekiniki, no gusuzuma ibikenewe byo kubungabunga igihe kirekire. Koresha iki gitabo kugirango ugenzure neza ubutaha ubutaha kandi ushireho ibinyabiziga byizewe bihuye nibyo usabwa buri munsi.

Ibyingenzi

• Kubanza kubahiriza: Kugenzura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byabaturanyi (NEV) namabwiriza ya DOT ni itegeko mbere yo kureba imikorere.

• Ubuhanga bwa Batiri butegeka igihe cyo kubaho: Guhitamo hagati ya lithium-ion na aside-aside bigira ingaruka gusa, ariko amafaranga yo kubungabunga igihe kirekire no kwishyuza ibikoresho.

• Ubushobozi bwubatswe nintego: Guhitamo chassis ibereye-yaba iyubakwa ryumuzigo cyangwa imodoka yamashanyarazi yintebe enye - birinda imitwaro yimitwaro no kunanirwa guhagarikwa.

• Inkunga nyuma yubuguzi: Garanti nibice byaho kuboneka ningaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya ingaruka kubirango byavutse.

Amategeko yo kumuhanda no kubahiriza amabwiriza

Kugura ikinyabiziga udashobora gutwara byemewe n'amategeko bitera umutwe munini wibikoresho. Abaguzi benshi batanga ibitekerezo biteye akaga kubaturanyi babo. Baribeshya bakeka ko amakarito asanzwe ya golf kandi ibinyabiziga byujuje ubuzimagatozi birashobora guhinduka. Ni ibyiciro bitandukanye rwose. Niba umuganda wawe usaba ibyemezo-byemewe n'amategeko, gutwara ikarito itujuje ibisubizo bivamo amande akomeye. Urashobora gusanga ubujijwe burundu mumihanda ya banyiri amazu (HOA). Abapolisi ba komine babona byoroshye ibikoresho byumutekano byabuze mumihanda nyabagendwa.

Federal na Ibisobanuro byaho

Kugirango wirinde kunanirwa kubahiriza, abaguzi bagomba kumva ibisobanuro bya federasiyo. Minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika igenzura byimazeyo ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi (NEVs). Muri rusange, NEV igomba gushyira umuvuduko wacyo wo hejuru kuri 25hh. Abakora progaramu ya progaramu yimbere kugirango birinde kurenga iyi mipaka. Reta ya reta kandi irashira mu ngiro uburyo bwihariye bwo kugabanya ibinyabiziga kugirango itandukane NEV n’imodoka zisanzwe zitwara abagenzi.

Ariko, amakomine yaho akunze kongeramo ibice bigoye byamategeko. Abagenzuzi ba leta n’umujyi bategeka aho izo modoka zujuje ibisabwa zishobora kugenda. Inkiko nyinshi zibuza NEV kumihanda nyabagendwa kohereza umuvuduko wa 35hh cyangwa munsi. Intara zimwe zigenzurwa cyane zisaba uruhushya rwihariye rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga. Buri gihe ugenzure amategeko yihariye yumujyi hamwe n amategeko ya HOA yaho mbere yo guhitamo icyitegererezo.

Ibikoresho byumutekano bisabwa (DOT Ibipimo)

Ibikoresho byumutekano bikomeje kutaganirwaho byemewe namihanda. DOT ibipimo byerekana ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango umuhanda ukoreshwe. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura muburyo bugaragara kubicuruzwa.

• Ikirahuri: Reba amamodoka yo mu rwego rwa AS-1 cyangwa AS-2 umutekano wikirahure. Ikirahuri gisanzwe cyangwa cyikubye hasi ya pulasitike ya golf yikarita yikirahure isenya ingaruka no kunanirwa kwipimisha.

• Amapine: Menya neza ko umucuruzi arimo DOT yemewe ya tine ya radiyo yagenewe gukurura asfalt. Amapine yo hanze yumuhanda ntabwo yujuje ubuziranenge bwa leta.

• Ibibujijwe: Reba kuri DOT-yujuje ibyicaro bitatu. Umukandara woroheje wananiwe kugenzura ibinyabiziga bigezweho bigezweho.

• Kugaragara: Ugomba kuba wamuritse ibimenyetso byerekana impinduka, amatara yemewe ya DOT, urumuri rwerekana, hamwe nindorerwamo nyinshi. Inkiko nyinshi ubu zisaba kamera zikora neza.

VIN no Kwiyandikisha

Hanyuma, shiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo kwiyandikisha. Ikarita isanzwe ya golf itwara numero yuruhererekane ya garanti. Umuhanda nyawo-wemewe NEV urimo numero 17 yimibare iranga ibinyabiziga (VIN). Ukeneye iyi code yihariye yinyuguti kugirango ubone ubwishingizi bwimodoka. Ishami rishinzwe ibinyabiziga risaba VIN ifite imibare 17 kugirango itange iyandikwa ryumuhanda, ibirango, nibyapa. Hatariho VIN yemewe, utunze ibinyabiziga bidafite umuhanda, ntabwo ubwikorezi bwabaturanyi bwanditse.

Ubwubatsi bwa Batiri no Kwishyuza Ibikorwa Remezo

Sisitemu ya bateri itegeka uburambe bwawe bwo gutwara buri munsi. Gusuzuma inkomoko yingufu witonze byerekana ko utazigera ugira impungenge zingana hagati y'urugendo. Abaguzi mubisanzwe bahitamo hagati ya Lithium-ion (LiFePO4) na batiri gakondo ya aside-aside cyangwa AGM. Buri chimie itanga ibintu bitandukanye mubikorwa bifatika.

Gusuzuma Inkomoko Yimbaraga

Bateri ya aside-aside yerekana ikoranabuhanga rya kera. Barasaba buri cyumweru amazi yatoboye hejuru no gusukura buri gihe. Barwaye kandi imbaraga za voltage sag munsi yimitwaro iremereye. Ibinyuranye, sisitemu ya Litiyumu-ion (LiFePO4) itanga ibyiza byinshi mubikorwa. Batteri ya Litiyumu itanga ingufu za voltage zihoraho kugeza zishize. Bakenera kuvomera zeru cyangwa kubungabunga itumanaho. Byongeye kandi, paki ya lithium ipima cyane ugereranije na banki ya aside-aside. Kureka amajana yama pound muri chassis yimodoka bitezimbere cyane imikorere no kwihuta.

Hasi nigishushanyo cyihuse cyo kugereranya cyerekana itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yimbaraga zombi zibanze:

Kugenzura Ibihe Byukuri

Udutabo two kwamamaza twamamaza buri gihe 'imiterere myiza ' urwego. Ababikora bapima ibinyabiziga kumurongo wibizamini bitwara abashoferi boroheje. Imiterere nyayo yisi isa itandukanye cyane. Iyo ukoresha an imijyi ngufi ya EV kubikorwa bya buri munsi, ibidukikije bitwara ubuzima bwa bateri vuba.

Iyemeze kugabanya imibare yo kwamamaza byibuze 20% kugeza 30%. Gutwara abagenzi benshi bakuze bikurura moteri yamashanyarazi. Gutwara ahantu hahanamye cyane bisaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwimpeshyi cyangwa imbeho ikonje bihatira sisitemu yo gucunga bateri gukora cyane. Niba ingendo zawe za buri munsi zisaba ibirometero 20 byurugendo rwizewe, gura imodoka yagenwe byibura kilometero 30 kugirango wizere neza umutekano.

Kwishyuza

Suzuma witonze ibisobanuro bya charger yawe. Moderi nyinshi yibanze iranga insinga zisanzwe 110V. Gucomeka muburyo busanzwe bwo murugo. Nubwo byoroshye, sisitemu ya 110V yishyuza buhoro cyane. Kuzamura sisitemu ya 220V bitanga ibihe byihuta cyane byo guhinduka hagati yingendo.

Kandi, suzuma niba ikinyabiziga gisaba ibyuma byishyurwa byihariye. Intsinga za nyirarureshwa zirahuza urugo rwawe. Ahubwo, shakisha moderi ukoresha amacomeka asanzwe ya EV, nka J1772 uhuza. Umuhuza usanzwe uhindura imodoka yawe muburyo butandukanye umuganda rusange EV . Urashobora gucomeka neza muri sitasiyo yumuriro rusange mububiko bwibiribwa byaho, amasomo ya golf, cyangwa parikingi ya komini.

Imiterere yibintu, kwishura, hamwe n'ubunyangamugayo

Ikinyabiziga cyawe kigomba gushyigikira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi utiriwe uhura nigitutu. Guhitamo chassis ibereye birinda umutwaro wo kwishura, kwambara amapine imburagihe, no kunanirwa guhagarika ibiza.

Ibikoresho bya Chassis

Munsi yimyenda yo kwisiga, ibikoresho bikoreshwa byerekana ibidukikije. Abakora ingengo yimari benshi bakoresha ibyuma byuma. Ibyuma bitakingiwe byangirika vuba. Niba uguze ikariso yicyuma, wemeze ko uwabikoze akoresha galvanisiyasi igezweho cyangwa ifu iremereye cyane kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

Ku baguzi batuye ku nkombe z’inyanja cyangwa ahantu h’ubushuhe bwinshi, amakaramu yo mu rwego rwa indege ya aluminium itanga uburinzi buhebuje. Aluminium isanzwe irwanya umwuka wumunyu. Igabanya kandi uburemere bwibinyabiziga muri rusange, bitezimbere mu buryo bwihuse intera ya feri no gukora neza. Ntuzigere utandukira kumurongo w'inyangamugayo kugirango uzigame imbere.

Iboneza ry'abagenzi n'imizigo

Suzuma sisitemu yo guhagarika ishingiye rwose kubyo ukoresha. Imodoka iremereye imizigo isaba amasoko akomeye yamababi kugirango akemure imitwaro iremereye adasohotse. Imodoka yibanda kubagenzi ikora neza ukoresheje kwigenga kwa MacPherson strut. Kwigenga byigenga bikurura umuhanda kugiti cye, bigatanga kugenda neza kubatwara kabine.

Niba ugura a imodoka y'amashanyarazi ifite imyanya ine , genzura gahunda yo kwicara inyuma. Reba icyumba cyinyuma cyicyumba cyawe wenyine. Abakuze basanga intebe zinyuma zifunganye nabi mugihe cyo gutembera kure. Suzuma imbere-ireba imbere-inyuma-ingaruka z'umutekano. Intebe zinyuma zireba imbere zitanga abagenzi neza kandi zigabanya uburwayi bwo kugenda. Byongeye kandi, ubare igipimo ntarengwa cyo kwishyurwa neza. Kurenza ikinyabiziga kirenze igipimo cyacyo gitera moteri itwika kandi ikanatanga ibyemezo byamashanyarazi.

Sisitemu yo gufata feri

Imodoka itwara abagenzi yuzuye yuzuye ifite imbaraga zikomeye. Feri yingoma isanzwe ifata ingamba zo guhagarika imitwaro iremereye vuba. Intsinga ya mashini irambuye mugihe, biganisha kuri feri ya feri ya spongy kandi itinda guhagarara. Turasaba cyane kuzamura feri ya hydraulic ya feri enye. Amazi ya Hydraulic yemeza gusezerana ako kanya. Feri ya disiki ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, ikarinda feri gucika mugihe cyo kumanuka. Imbaraga zizewe zo guhagarika zirinda wowe nabagenzi bawe mumodoka ituranye.

Ibiranga ubwenge nibikorwa bya buri munsi

Abashoferi ba kijyambere biteze ibyoroshye bigezweho. Ikinyabiziga cyabaturanyi kigomba kumva ko cyagutse cyukuri cya garage yimodoka. Ibintu byubwenge bizamura gutwara buri munsi kuva kumurimo ukanezeza.

Ihumure rya Cabin

Suzuma ubuziranenge bwikirere hafi. Icyitegererezo cyibanze gitanga vinyl yoroshye kumanura. Vinyl ikubita cyane mu muyaga, igashushanya byoroshye, kandi igatega ubuhehere. Moderi nziza yerekana inzugi zikomeye zirimo amadirishya yimodoka. Inzugi zikomeye zirinda kabine ibintu bibi ndetse n urusaku rwumuhanda.

Nukuri imodoka ikora amashanyarazi igomba gutanga uburyo bwo kurwanya ikirere. Kugenzura niba hariho sisitemu nyayo yo guhumeka no gushyushya. Niba AC yuzuye itaboneka, menya neza ko imodoka itanga umwuka uhagije. Abafana benshi bafite umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na pop-up ibisenge byamazu bikomeza umwuka mugihe cyizuba gishyushye.

Ikibaho hamwe no gusuzuma

Amakuru yumushoferi yerekana ibintu cyane. Irinde ibinyabiziga bishingiye kuri metero zidasanzwe zidasobanutse. Urushinge rwikigereranyo rusimbuka buri gihe, bigatuma bidashoboka gupima intera isigaye neza. Reba ibisobanuro bihanitse byerekana imibare. Ikibaho gikwiye gitanga neza neza ya batiri-y-amafaranga (SOC) ku ijana, gusoma neza mileage, hamwe no kuburira ubushyuhe bwa moteri. Amakuru yukuri akuraho intera-gukeka rwose.

Porogaramu n'umutekano

Imodoka zituranye zifunguye zikurura ubujura bwamahirwe. Menya neza ko imodoka yawe irimo umutekano wa software. Shakisha ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya ubujura bukumira moteri itemewe. Kutagira urufunguzo ukoresheje kode ya PIN cyangwa amakarita ya RFID wongeyeho urwego rwiza rwo kurinda.

Byongeye kandi, baza umucuruzi kubyerekeye kwisuzumisha kure. Abagenzuzi bateye imbere bahuza porogaramu yo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa binyuze kuri Bluetooth cyangwa ibimenyetso bya selile. Niba ikinyabiziga cyawe gitaye kode yamakosa, ubushobozi bwo gupima kure butuma abatekinisiye bamenya ikibazo mbere yo kohereza ikamyo ikurura.

Ubwishingizi bwa garanti hamwe nabacuruzi ba Viability

Ndetse ibyuma byiza cyane amaherezo bisaba serivisi. Imiterere yingoboka inyuma yubuguzi bwawe iruta ibinyabiziga ubwabyo. Kugenzura garanti hamwe nu mucuruzi urinda igishoro cyawe igihe cyigihe cyose.

Kugabanya Ingaruka no Kwera-Kuranga

Ingaruka nini mumasoko yihuta ya EV ni kugura 'byera-byanditseho ' byinjira. Abacuruzi benshi bashingiye kumurongo wa interineti batumiza ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mumodoka rusange, bagakubita ikirango cyabigenewe, hanyuma bakagurisha kumurongo. Ibiranga pop-up ntabwo bifite ibice byo murugo bitanga. Iyo umugenzuzi kabuhariwe ananiwe nyuma yimyaka ibiri, ntushobora kubona ibice byasimbuwe ahantu hose. Irinde ibirango bidafite icyicaro gikuru cyimbere murugo hamwe numuyoboro wagabanijwe.

Gusuzuma Imiterere ya Garanti

Soma impapuro za garanti nyirizina, ntabwo ari agatabo ko kwamamaza gusa. Garanti yuzuye itandukanya ubwishingizi bwa batiri na chassis. Batteri ya Litiyumu igomba gutwara byibuze garanti yimyaka itanu kugeza kumunani irinda kwangirika kwingirabuzimafatizo. Garanti ya bumper-to-bumper garanti igomba kuba ikubiyemo kuyobora, guhagarika, hamwe na elegitoronike byibuze imyaka ibiri.

Witondere cyane ibyanditse neza bijyanye no gukoresha ibyiciro. Bamwe mubakora ibicuruzwa bashiramo ingingo zivuga 'gukoresha ubucuruzi ' zitesha agaciro garanti yo guturamo. Niba rimwe na rimwe ukoresha imodoka kubucuruzi bushingiye murugo cyangwa gutwara abaturanyi baremereye, menya neza ko amasezerano yawe arengera muburyo bwihariye imikoreshereze yawe.

Urutonde rwabacuruzi

Umucuruzi wawe waho akora nkurusobe rwumutekano wawe. Babaze mbere yo gusinya impapuro zose. Koresha urutonde rukurikira rwo gusuzuma kugirango usuzume niba bishoboka:

1. Ibarura ry'ibice bya OEM: Boba babitse ibikoresho byumwimerere Ibikoresho byabasimbuye ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ibigega, cyangwa batumiza ibintu byose mumahanga?

2. Ubushobozi bwa serivisi: Bakoresha abatekinisiye bemewe bahuguwe byumwihariko mugupima amashanyarazi menshi?

3. Inkunga ya mobile: Bohereza abatekinisiye bagendanwa bemewe mumihanda yo guturamo kugirango basanwe byoroheje, cyangwa ugomba gukurura imodoka kubufindo bwabo?

4. Ibihe bya Turnaround: Nibihe byanditse byimpuzandengo yigihe cyo guhinduka kubisabwa garanti?

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo ibinyabiziga byiza byabaturanyi bisaba isuzuma ryuburyo. Ntugwe kubikorwa byo gusiga irangi cyangwa amayeri yo kugurisha. Kurikiza ibitekerezo byanyuma byerekana urutonde kugirango urinde igishoro cyawe. Icyambere, genzura neza amategeko yumuhanda kandi DOT yubahirize kubaturanyi bawe. Icya kabiri, hitamo chimie yukuri ya batiri ishingiye cyane kubyo ukeneye bya buri munsi no kwihanganira kubungabunga. Icya gatatu, huza imodoka yawe yishyurwa no guhitamo guhagarika imitwaro yawe nyayo. Hanyuma, reba neza imiyoboro yabacuruzi baho kugirango urebe neza nyuma yubuguzi.

Intambwe ikurikiraho isaba ibikorwa bifatika. Teganya ibizamini byagutse hamwe nu mucuruzi wawe muto. Ntugatware imodoka gusa ubusa hafi ya parikingi. Shira ikinyabiziga cyuzuye hamwe nabagenzi bakuze. Kuzamura imisozi yaho kugirango umenye neza igisubizo cyahagaritswe, imbaraga za feri, nigihombo cya torque munsi yumutwaro. Kumenyera ibinyabiziga byemeza neza ko ufata icyemezo cyanyuma.

Ibibazo

Ikibazo: Nkeneye ubwishingizi bwihariye kumodoka yamashanyarazi yihuta?

Igisubizo: Yego. Ubwishingizi busanzwe bwikarita ya golf bukubiyemo gusa imikoreshereze yumuhanda. Kuberako umuhanda-wemewe na NEV usangira umuhanda rusange nimodoka gakondo, ukeneye ubwishingizi bwimodoka budasanzwe. Iyi politiki ikubiyemo uburyozwe, kugongana, hamwe no gukwirakwiza byuzuye bijyanye n’ishami ry’ibinyabiziga bisabwa. Utanga isoko azakenera VIN yimibare 17 yimodoka kugirango itange politiki.

Ikibazo: Nshobora kuzamura aside-aside EV kuri lithium-ion nyuma?

Igisubizo: Muburyo bwa tekiniki yego, ariko biragoye cyane. Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibintu birahari, ariko ugomba kwemeza ko sisitemu nshya yo gucunga bateri ya Lithium (BMS) ivugana neza na moteri yawe isanzwe. Imipaka ya voltage itari yo irashobora gukarika ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Byongeye kandi, gukora bateri ya nyuma ya bateri hafi ya byose bivanaho garanti yumuriro wumwimerere.

Ikibazo: Ese umuvuduko muke wa EV zemerewe inguzanyo ya reta cyangwa leta?

Igisubizo: Rimwe na rimwe. Ibiriho muri iki gihe IRS yibanda cyane kumodoka isanzwe itwara abagenzi. Nubwo bimeze bityo, umuhanda-wemewe na NEVs wujuje ibyangombwa byo kugabanyirizwa urwego rwa leta cyangwa ibigo byingirakamaro bya sosiyete. Amategeko agenga imisoro ahinduka buri mwaka yerekeranye nuburemere bwimodoka nini hamwe nubushobozi bwa bateri. Buri gihe ujye ubaza inzobere mu by'imisoro mbere yo kwemeza inguzanyo.

Ikibazo: Nigute ikirere gikonje kigira ingaruka kumurongo wimodoka ikora amashanyarazi?

Igisubizo: Ubushyuhe bukonje butinda reaction yimiti imbere ya selile. Ugomba kwitega ko bateri yangirika ya 20% kugeza 30% mugihe cyo gukonjesha ibinyabiziga bikonje. Batteri ya aside-aside igabanuka cyane kumikorere kuruta paki ya lithium-ion. Niba wishingikirije gutwara imbeho, komeza imodoka ucomeke mugihe uhagaze kugirango ubushyuhe bwiza bwimikorere.